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1 solutum

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:
soluisse,
Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
I.
To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
Outwardly, to release.
a.
From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:
solvite istas,
i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:
solvite istum,
id. Mil. 5, 32:
numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:
jube solvi (eum),
Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:
ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:
ut vincti solvantur,
id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §
12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:
ita nexi soluti (sunt),
Liv. 8, 28, 9:
solvite me, pueri,
Verg. E. 6, 24:
fore ut brevi solveretur,
Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:
canis solutus catena,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:
solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),
Stat. Th. 5, 15:
terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
b.
From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:
solverat sol equos,
unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:
et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:
et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,
id. H. 11, 4:
praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,
Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:
soluta toga,
Quint. 11, 3, 147:
vela solvere,
Verg. A. 4, 574.—
c.
From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:
Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,
Prop. 2, 1, 69:
fraxinus solvitur,
from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:
ceciditque soluta pinus,
id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:
pinus radice soluta, deficit,
id. S. 5, 1, 152:
solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:
accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,
detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;
but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:
querno solvunt de stipite funem,
id. F. 4, 333:
fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,
id. Am. 2, 11, 23:
curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),
Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:
imber caelesti nube solutus,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:
cum solis radii absumant,
Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:
solutum a latere pugionem,
detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
d.
Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
(α).
With acc. alone:
eisce confectis navem solvimus,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:
navim cupimus solvere,
id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:
naves solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;
3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,
Liv. 45, 6:
postero die solvere naves (jussi),
id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
classem solvere,
Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
(β).
With ab and abl.:
navis a terra solverunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,
Liv. 31, 7 med.:
solvunt a litore puppes,
Luc. 2, 649.—
(γ).
With ex and abl.:
nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
(δ).
With abl.:
complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:
portu solventibus,
id. Mur. 2, 4.—
(ε).
Absol. (sc. navem or naves):
tertia fere vigilia solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23:
nos eo die cenati solvimus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:
altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,
Liv. 31, 14 init.:
qui inde solverant,
Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:
solvi mare languido,
Sen. Ep. 53, 1:
fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,
id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:
non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,
making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
(ζ).
With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):
naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
(η).
Poet. usages:
de litore puppis solvit iter,
clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:
nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,
Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
e.
Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,
Lucr. 6, 706:
cruor solvitur,
Stat. Th. 9, 530:
lacrimas solvere,
id. Achill. 2, 256:
solutis lacrimis,
Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,
partus solvere,
to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
2.
To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
a.
In gen.:
omne colligatum solvi potest,
Cic. Fin. 11.—
b.
Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
solvere naves et rursus conjungere,
Curt. 8, 10, 3:
solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,
Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:
dubitavit an solveret pontem,
Curt. 4, 16, 8:
solvere pontem,
Tac. A. 1, 69:
si pons solutus sit,
Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:
solutus pons tempestatibus,
Just. 2, 13, 9:
currum (solis) solutum,
Manil. 1, 740.—
c.
Of woven stuff:
solvens texta,
Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
d.
Of mountains:
utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),
Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:
tridente Neptunus montem solvit,
id. Agam. 553.—
e.
Of the neck:
soluta cervix silicis impulsu,
broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
f.
Of a comet:
momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
g.
Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:
solve capillos,
Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:
crinem,
id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:
comas casside,
Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
h.
Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;
post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:
ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,
Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
3.
To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
(α).
Of a change into air or gas:
calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,
dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:
nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,
id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:
ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,
Stat. Th. 5, 285;
nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,
Ov. M. 15, 845.—
(β).
Into a liquid, to melt:
saepe terra in tabem solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:
terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,
id. ib. 3, 29, 4:
nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,
Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:
ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,
nivem solvere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:
rigor auri solvitur aestu,
Lucr. 1, 493:
ferrum calidi solvant camini,
Manil. 4, 250:
cerae igne solutae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 47:
Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,
Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:
(herba) quinto die solvitur,
id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
(γ).
Of putrefaction:
(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,
Verg. G. 4, 302.—
(δ).
Of change in general:
inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,
Ov. F. 1, 108:
repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),
Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
(ε).
Of expansion by heat:
(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
(ζ).
Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:
gravitas aeris solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
(η).
Solvi in, to pass into, become:
in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,
Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:
donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,
disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:
postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),
Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
4.
To consume, to destroy, dissolve:
solvere orbes,
Manil. 1, 497:
ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),
Lucr. 3, 287:
(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,
Liv. 39, 40, 11:
si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:
(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,
id. ib. 7, 9, 4:
tabes solvit corpora,
Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:
nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),
id. 3, 506:
ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,
Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:
solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,
Sen. Ep. 22, 3:
hanc mihi solvite vitam,
Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
a.
From the body, etc.:
teque isto corpore solvo,
Verg. A. 4, 703:
soluta corpore anima,
Quint. 5, 14, 13:
qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,
Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:
vocem solvere,
to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:
suspiria solvit,
Stat. Th. 11, 604:
solvat turba jocos,
Sen. Med. 114:
solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),
Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:
Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,
unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
b.
Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:
linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,
Ov. M. 3, 261:
lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,
Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:
ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,
id. Const. 11, 3:
(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,
Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:
magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,
Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.
of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,
unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
c.
From obligations and debts:
solvit me debito,
Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:
an nos debito solverit,
id. Ep. 81, 3:
ut religione civitas solvatur,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:
te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),
Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:
hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,
Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:
sacramento solvi,
Tac. A. 16, 13:
cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,
Dig. 49, 16, 13:
militia solvere,
Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:
ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,
Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:
ut manere solveretur,
that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
d.
From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):
si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,
be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:
atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,
id. ib. 4, 9:
sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,
Ov. F. 6, 452:
ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,
id. ib. 2, 40:
Helenen ego crimine solvo,
id. A. A. 2, 371:
quid crimine solvis Germanum?
Stat. Th. 11, 379:
solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
e.
From feelings, etc.:
quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:
cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:
senatus cura belli solutus,
Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:
pectus linquunt cura solutum,
Lucr. 2, 45:
his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:
soluti metu,
Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:
solvent formidine terras,
Verg. E. 4, 14:
solve metu patriam,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:
metu belli Scythas solvit,
Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:
haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:
soluti a cupiditatibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:
longo luctu,
Verg. A. 2, 26:
tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),
Sen. Hippol. 450:
solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,
id. Herc. Fur. 1063:
Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?
Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:
solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),
the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:
rabie tigrim,
Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:
ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),
Sen. Ep. 95, 38:
calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?
i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:
solvite animos,
Manil. 4, 12.—With in:
vix haec in munera solvo animum,
i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
f.
From sleep, very rare:
ego somno solutus sum,
awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
g.
From labor, business, etc.:
volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,
Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:
solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,
Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:
Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,
to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
h.
From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
frontem solvere disce,
Mart. 14, 183:
saltem ora trucesque solve genas,
Stat. Th. 11, 373:
solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:
solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,
be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:
vultum risu solvit,
relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:
risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,
Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,
solvere judicem,
unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:
solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),
Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:
ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:
cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:
solventur risu tabulae,
i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:
quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
k.
From any cause of restraint.
(α).
To release from siege:
Bassanitas obsidione solvere,
Liv. 44, 30:
patriam obsidione solvere,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
(β).
From moral restraints:
hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,
gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
l.
From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
(α).
To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:
Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,
Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:
cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 31:
ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,
id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:
Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
solvatne legibus Scipionem,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:
petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,
Liv. 31, 50, 8:
Scipio legibus solutus est,
id. Epit. 56:
Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,
Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:
ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,
Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:
(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:
solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,
id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:
nec leti lege solutas,
Lucr. 3, 687:
nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),
Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:
et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,
Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
(β).
Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:
reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,
i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:
soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,
id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:
solutus Legibus insanis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:
quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,
Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
2.
To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
(α).
Of troops, ranks, etc.:
ubi ordines procursando solvissent,
Liv. 42, 65, 8:
incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,
Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:
agmina Diductis solvere choris,
Verg. A. 5, 581:
solvit maniplos,
Juv. 8, 154:
solvuntur laudata cohors,
Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:
commissas acies ego possum solvere,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
(β).
Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:
convivio soluto,
Liv. 40, 14 fin.:
convivium solvit,
Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:
Quid cessas convivia solvere?
Ov. F. 6, 675:
coetuque soluto Discedunt,
id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
(γ).
Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:
(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,
Quint. 1, 9, 2:
quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,
id. 9, 4, 14:
ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,
id. 1, 8, 13:
non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
3.
Implying a change for the worse.
a.
To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):
Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,
Sen. Ep. 51, 5:
usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:
infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,
Quint. 1, 2, 6:
solutus luxu,
id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:
soluti in luxum,
Tac. H. 2, 99:
in lasciviam,
id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:
si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,
Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
b.
To make torpid by removing sensation.
(α).
To relax, benumb the limbs or body;
as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,
Lucr. 6, 798:
ima Solvuntur latera,
Verg. G. 3, 523:
solvi debilitate corporis,
paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:
ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,
Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:
illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,
Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:
segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,
wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:
mentes solvere,
to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
(β).
By frost ( poet.):
solvuntur illi frigore membra,
Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
(γ).
By sleep ( poet. for sopio):
homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,
Ov. M. 7, 186:
corpora somnus Solverat,
id. ib. 10, 369:
molli languore solutus,
id. ib. 11, 648;
11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,
id. ib. 8, 817:
somno vinoque solutos,
id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:
ut membra solvit sopor,
id. ib. 12, 867:
non solvit pectora somnus,
Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:
solvitur in somnos,
Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:
aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,
lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
(δ).
By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:
corporibus quae senectus solvit,
Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):
(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:
alius inter cenandum solutus est,
id. Ep. 66, 43:
ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,
id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:
me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,
Sen. Troad. 605:
solvi inedia,
Petr. 111:
sic morte quasi somno soluta est,
Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
4.
Of logical dissolution, to refute:
non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,
how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:
argumentum solvere,
Quint. 2, 17, 34:
solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,
Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
b.
To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:
deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,
Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
II.
To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;
post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,
Quint. 2, 12, 1:
qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,
Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:
supera compage soluta,
Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
2.
To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:
nullo solvente catenas,
Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:
solvere frenum,
Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:
loris solutis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:
qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,
Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:
gelu solvitur,
it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:
solvitur acris hiems,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:
facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:
Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,
looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:
indigno non solvit bracchia collo,
Stat. Th. 5, 217:
digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,
id. ib. 8, 585.—
3.
To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:
solve vidulum ergo,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:
eam solve cistulam,
id. Am. 2, 2, 151:
solve zonam,
untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:
solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,
Stat. Th. 5, 62:
animai nodos a corpore solvit,
Lucr. 2, 950:
nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,
Curt. 3, 1, 18:
quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?
Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:
solvere nodum,
Stat. Th. 11, 646:
laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,
Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:
vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,
Ov. M. 9, 58:
fasciam solve,
Sen. Ep. 80, 10:
solutis fasciis,
Curt. 7, 6, 5:
solvi fasciculum,
Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:
crinales vittas,
Verg. A. 7, 403:
Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,
Curt. 7, 2, 25:
equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,
Sen. Ep. 80, 9:
redimicula solvite collo,
Ov. F. 4, 135:
corollas de fronte,
Prop. 1, 3, 21:
solvere portas,
Stat. Th. 3, 492:
munimina valli,
id. ib. 12, 10:
ille pharetram Solvit,
Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:
solutis ac patefactis venis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:
venam cultello solvere,
Col. 6, 14; cf.
also: lychnis alvum solvit,
looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:
ventrem,
Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:
stomachus solutus = venter solutus,
loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
B.
Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
1.
Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
a.
Of the mouth, etc., to open:
talibus ora solvit verbis,
Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:
ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,
Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:
vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,
os promptius ac solutius,
Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:
hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
b.
To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:
si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,
Gai. Inst. 3, 160:
cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,
id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:
morte solvetur compromissum,
Dig. 4, 8, 27:
soluto matrimonio,
ib. 24, 3, 2:
solutum conjugium,
Juv. 9, 79:
qui... conjugalia solvit,
Sen. Med. 144:
nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,
Ov. M. 11, 743:
(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,
cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
c.
To efface guilt or wrong:
magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,
Ov. F. 5, 304:
solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,
id. ib. 2, 44:
culpa soluta mea est,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:
neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
d.
Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;
less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,
Cic. Mil. 31, 85:
capite poenas solvit,
Sall. J. 69, 4:
meritas poenas solventem,
Curt. 6, 3, 14:
poenarum solvendi tempus,
Lucr. 5, 1224:
nunc solvo poenas,
Sen. Phoen. 172:
hac manu poenas tibi solvam,
id. Hippol. 1177.—
e.
To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:
atque animi curas e pectore solvat,
Lucr. 4, 908:
curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,
Hor. Epod. 9, 38:
patrimonii cura solvatur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §
2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:
solvite corde metum,
Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:
solve metus animo,
Stat. Th. 2, 356:
solvi pericula et metus narrant,
Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:
hoc uno solvitur ira modo,
id. A. A. 2, 460:
solvitque pudorem,
Verg. A. 4, 55.—
f.
Of sleep:
quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,
Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:
nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,
Luc. 6, 768; cf.:
lassitudinem solvere,
Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
g.
Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
(α).
To raise a siege:
solutam cernebat obsidionem,
Liv. 36, 10, 14:
soluta obsidione,
id. 36, 31, 7:
ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,
id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
(β).
Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:
cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,
Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
(γ).
To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:
quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,
Sall. J. 39, 5:
imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,
Sen. Oedip. 525:
sonipedes imperia solvunt,
id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:
sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,
Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
h.
Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:
solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),
Curt. 10, 2, 5:
solutae a se legis monitus,
Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:
cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,
Liv. 8, 4, 7:
(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,
id. 1, 49, 7:
oportebat istum morem solvi,
Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
2.
Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
a.
To subvert discipline:
disciplinam militarem solvisti,
Liv. 8, 7, 16:
luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,
id. 40, 1, 4:
quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,
Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
b.
Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:
nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,
Sall. J. 41, 6:
patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,
Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
vires solvere,
Quint. 9, 4, 7:
vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,
Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
c.
Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:
segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;
similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,
Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:
hoc firmos solvit amores,
Ov. A. A. 2, 385:
amores cantibus et herbis solvere,
Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
d.
Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:
vitex dicitur febres solvere,
Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:
solvit jejunia granis,
Ov. F. 4, 607:
quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,
id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,
famem,
Sen. Thyest. 64.—
e.
To delay:
hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,
Sen. Troad. 1131.—
f.
Of darkness, to dispel:
lux solverat umbras,
Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
g.
Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:
aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,
Sen. Phoen. 406:
electus formae certamina solvere pastor,
Stat. Achill. 2, 337:
jurgia solvere,
Manil. 3, 115:
contradictiones solvere,
Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
h.
Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:
quia quaestionem solvere non posset,
Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:
aenigmata,
Quint. 8, 6, 53:
omnes solvere posse quaestiones,
Suet. Gram. 11:
haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,
Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:
unum tantum hoc solvendum est,
that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:
puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,
id. Ep. 48, 6:
carmina non intellecta Solverat,
Ov. M. 7, 760:
triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,
Sen. Oedip. 102:
nodos juris,
Juv. 8, 50:
proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,
Quint. 5, 10, 96:
plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,
id. 1, 10, 49:
quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,
id. 3, 7, 3:
ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,
id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
3.
In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
a.
To pay.
(α).
Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:
quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,
Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:
inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),
Liv. 6, 14, 5:
quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,
id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:
pro vectura rem solvit?
paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:
ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:
tibi res soluta est recte,
id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:
ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 20:
rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,
id. ib. 5, 3, 45:
dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:
res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,
id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);
semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,
they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:
si tergo res solvonda'st,
by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:
habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,
id. Curc. 3, 9:
tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
(β).
Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:
cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,
Cic. Fl. 18, 43:
ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,
id. ib. 20, 46:
misimus qui pro vectura solveret,
id. Att. 1, 3, 2:
qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,
Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:
ut creditori solvat,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:
si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,
it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:
numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,
to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:
fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,
id. ib. 2, 24, 84:
cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,
Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:
non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,
Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
(γ).
With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:
postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,
settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:
solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,
id. Fl. 23, 54:
ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,
id. Att. 16, 2, 1:
solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:
aes alienum solvere,
Sen. Ep. 36, 5:
quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?
id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,
debitum solvere,
id. ib. 6, 30, 2:
ne pecunias creditas solverent,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:
ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,
Liv. 6, 15, 5:
ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:
cum patriae quod debes solveris,
Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:
debet vero, solvitque praeclare,
id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:
aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:
qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
(δ).
By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:
emi: pecuniam solvi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:
pro frumento nihil solvit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §
169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,
Liv. 44, 16:
hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,
Nep. Milt. 7, 6:
nisi pecuniam solvisset,
id. Cim. 1, 1:
condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,
Liv. 30, 37 med.:
pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,
id. 36, 3, 1:
pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,
id. 32, 26, 14:
pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,
id. 40, 39 fin.:
meritam mercedem,
id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:
quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:
stipendium,
Liv. 28, 32, 1:
dotem mulieri,
Dig. 24, 3, 2:
litem aestimatam,
the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:
arbitria funeris,
the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:
solvere dodrantem,
to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:
dona puer solvit,
paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,
munera,
id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:
et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:
si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,
Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:
si (actor) solutus fuisset,
Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
(ε).
Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:
aliquid praesens solvere,
to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,
aliquid de praesentibus solvere,
Sen. Ep. 97, 16:
solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,
Vell. 2, 25:
quas solvere grates sufficiam?
Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;
nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,
Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:
unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):
Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,
Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:
homines dicere, se a me solvere,
id. ib. 5, 21, 11:
(summa) erat solvenda de meo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:
operas solvere alicui,
to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:
stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,
Gai. Inst. 4, 90:
iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,
Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;
2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,
a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.
in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,
Liv. 31, 13:
nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,
Dig. 50, 17, 105:
qui modo solvendo sint,
Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:
si solvendo sint,
Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:
nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:
solvendo non erat,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,
id. Off. 2, 22, 79;
and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,
Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:
*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),
Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
b.
To fulfil the duty of burial.
(α).
Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:
qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,
who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:
justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,
Curt. 3, 12, 15:
proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,
id. 10, 6, 7:
ut justa soluta Remo,
Ov. F. 5, 452:
nunc justa nato solve,
Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
(β).
Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:
exsequiis rite solutis,
Verg. A. 7, 5:
cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,
Sen. Hippol. 1198:
solvere suprema militibus,
Tac. A. 1, 61.—
c.
Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
(α).
Alone:
vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:
quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,
Liv. 31, 9 fin.:
liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,
id. 40, 44, 8:
placatis diis votis rite solvendis,
id. 36, 37 fin.:
petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,
id. 45, 44:
animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,
Sen. Ep. 73, 5:
vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,
Tac. A. 2, 69:
vota pater solvit,
Ov. M. 9, 707:
ne votum solvat,
Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:
voti debita solvere,
Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.
the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),
Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:
V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),
ib. 2022 et saep.:
sacra solvere (=votum solvere),
Manil. 1, 427.—
(β).
With dat.:
ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:
vota Jovi solvo,
Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:
sunt vota soluta deae,
id. F. 6, 248:
dis vota solvis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:
libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),
Just. 18, 5, 4.—
d.
Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:
fidem obligatam liberare,
Suet. Claud. 9):
illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,
Flor. 1, 1, 12;
similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),
Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
e.
Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):
perinde quasi promissum solvens,
Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:
solvitur quod cuique promissum est,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;
similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,
what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
A.
Lit.
1.
(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:
tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:
reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,
id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:
cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?
Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:
nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,
unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:
duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,
Liv. 27, 51:
eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,
id. 24, 45, 10:
non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
2.
(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;
postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,
Sen. Ep. 90, 21;
ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,
Col. 2, 9:
soluta et facilis terra,
id. 3, 14;
solum solutum vel spissum,
id. 2, 2 init.;
seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,
Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:
hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,
id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:
solutiores ripae,
Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:
mas spissior, femina solutior,
Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:
dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
3.
(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:
turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:
aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
B.
Trop.
1.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:
(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,
Cic. Or. 47, 173:
verbis solutus satis,
id. ib. 47, 174:
solutissimus in dicendo,
id. ib. 48, 180.—
2.
Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:
quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?
Cic. Planc. 30, 72:
soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,
unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:
si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,
Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;
non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,
id. ib. 4, 21, 3;
solutus omni fenore,
Hor. Epod. 2, 4;
nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,
Liv. 8, 32, 5:
Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
3.
Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:
quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:
apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,
i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:
maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
4.
Free from cares, undistracted:
animo soluto liberoque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:
sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,
id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
5.
At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:
te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,
Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:
quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:
Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
6.
Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:
quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,
Cic. Dom. 39, 104:
an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?
Sen. Ep. 23, 4:
vultus,
Stat. Th. 5, 355:
(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,
unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
7.
Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:
cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,
Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:
ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,
Liv. 29, 1 fin.:
Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,
Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:
incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,
Tac. A. 2, 4:
quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,
Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:
rectore solutos (solis) equos,
Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
8.
Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:
nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;
cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,
id. Div. 1, 2, 4:
judicio senatus soluto et libero,
id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:
sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,
uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
9.
Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:
amores soluti et liberi,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
licentia,
id. ib. 4, 4, 4:
populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,
id. ib. 1, 34, 53:
quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,
id. Mil. 13, 34:
quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,
Liv. 27, 31 fin.:
adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,
id. 2, 1, 2:
solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,
a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,
Suet. Aug. 44:
mores soluti,
licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
10.
Regardless of rules, careless, loose:
orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,
Tac. A. 16, 18.—
11.
Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
(α).
Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:
est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,
Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
(β).
More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);
in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,
Cic. Or. 52, 174:
mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,
id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;
68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,
Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;
de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,
id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:
ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,
id. ib. 7, 1:
primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,
Cic. Brut. 8, 32:
Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,
id. Or. 57, 192:
et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,
id. ib. 64, 215:
a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,
id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
(γ).
Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:
ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:
nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,
id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
(δ).
Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:
soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,
Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:
solutiora componere,
id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
12.
Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):
sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,
Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
13.
Undisciplined, disorderly:
omnia soluta apud hostes esse,
Liv. 8, 30, 3:
nihil temeritate solutum,
Tac. A. 13, 40:
apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,
Just. 34, 2, 2.—
14.
Lax, remiss, weak:
mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,
Tac. Or. 18:
soluti ac fluentes,
Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:
solutum genus orationis,
a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:
quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,
laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
C.
(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:
aliquid in solutum dare,
to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:
qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:
qui rem in solutum accipit,
Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;
in solutum imputare,
to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:
pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,
Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:
pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,
Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
1.
Thinly:
corpora diffusa solute,
Lucr. 4, 53.—
2.
Of speech, fluently:
non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,
Cic. Brut. 29, 110:
ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,
id. ib. 81, 280:
quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,
Tac. A. 4, 31.—
3.
Irregularly, loosely:
a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
4.
Freely, without restraint:
generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,
i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
5.
Of style, without connection, loosely:
enuntiare,
Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
6.
Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:
praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),
Liv. 39, 1, 4:
in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,
id. 23, 37, 6.—
7.
Weakly, tamely, without vigor:
quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,
Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
8.
Of morals, loosely, without restraint:
ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,
Tac. A. 13, 47.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solutum
2 solvo

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:
soluisse,
Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.
I.
To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
Outwardly, to release.
a.
From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:
solvite istas,
i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:
solvite istum,
id. Mil. 5, 32:
numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:
jube solvi (eum),
Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:
ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:
ut vincti solvantur,
id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §
12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,
id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:
ita nexi soluti (sunt),
Liv. 8, 28, 9:
solvite me, pueri,
Verg. E. 6, 24:
fore ut brevi solveretur,
Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:
canis solutus catena,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:
solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),
Stat. Th. 5, 15:
terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—
b.
From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:
solverat sol equos,
unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:
et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,
Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:
et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,
id. H. 11, 4:
praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,
Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:
soluta toga,
Quint. 11, 3, 147:
vela solvere,
Verg. A. 4, 574.—
c.
From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:
Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,
Prop. 2, 1, 69:
fraxinus solvitur,
from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:
ceciditque soluta pinus,
id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:
pinus radice soluta, deficit,
id. S. 5, 1, 152:
solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:
accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,
detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;
but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:
querno solvunt de stipite funem,
id. F. 4, 333:
fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,
id. Am. 2, 11, 23:
curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),
Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:
imber caelesti nube solutus,
Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:
cum solis radii absumant,
Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:
solutum a latere pugionem,
detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—
d.
Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.
(α).
With acc. alone:
eisce confectis navem solvimus,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:
navim cupimus solvere,
id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:
naves solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;
3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,
Liv. 45, 6:
postero die solvere naves (jussi),
id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:
classem solvere,
Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—
(β).
With ab and abl.:
navis a terra solverunt,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101:
quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,
Liv. 31, 7 med.:
solvunt a litore puppes,
Luc. 2, 649.—
(γ).
With ex and abl.:
nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:
interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—
(δ).
With abl.:
complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,
Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:
portu solventibus,
id. Mur. 2, 4.—
(ε).
Absol. (sc. navem or naves):
tertia fere vigilia solvit,
Caes. B. G. 4, 23:
nos eo die cenati solvimus,
Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:
altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,
Liv. 31, 14 init.:
qui inde solverant,
Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:
solvi mare languido,
Sen. Ep. 53, 1:
fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,
id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:
non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,
making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—
(ζ).
With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):
naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—
(η).
Poet. usages:
de litore puppis solvit iter,
clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:
nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,
Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—
e.
Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,
Lucr. 6, 706:
cruor solvitur,
Stat. Th. 9, 530:
lacrimas solvere,
id. Achill. 2, 256:
solutis lacrimis,
Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,
partus solvere,
to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—
2.
To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.
a.
In gen.:
omne colligatum solvi potest,
Cic. Fin. 11.—
b.
Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
solvere naves et rursus conjungere,
Curt. 8, 10, 3:
solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,
Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:
dubitavit an solveret pontem,
Curt. 4, 16, 8:
solvere pontem,
Tac. A. 1, 69:
si pons solutus sit,
Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:
solutus pons tempestatibus,
Just. 2, 13, 9:
currum (solis) solutum,
Manil. 1, 740.—
c.
Of woven stuff:
solvens texta,
Prop. 2, 9, 6.—
d.
Of mountains:
utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),
Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:
tridente Neptunus montem solvit,
id. Agam. 553.—
e.
Of the neck:
soluta cervix silicis impulsu,
broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—
f.
Of a comet:
momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—
g.
Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:
solve capillos,
Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:
crinem,
id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:
comas casside,
Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—
h.
Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;
post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:
ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,
Stat. Th. 7, 745. —
3.
To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.
(α).
Of a change into air or gas:
calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,
dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:
nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,
id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:
ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,
Stat. Th. 5, 285;
nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,
Ov. M. 15, 845.—
(β).
Into a liquid, to melt:
saepe terra in tabem solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:
terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,
id. ib. 3, 29, 4:
nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,
Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:
ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,
Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,
nivem solvere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:
rigor auri solvitur aestu,
Lucr. 1, 493:
ferrum calidi solvant camini,
Manil. 4, 250:
cerae igne solutae,
Ov. A. A. 2, 47:
Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,
Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:
(herba) quinto die solvitur,
id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—
(γ).
Of putrefaction:
(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,
Verg. G. 4, 302.—
(δ).
Of change in general:
inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,
Ov. F. 1, 108:
repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),
Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—
(ε).
Of expansion by heat:
(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,
Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—
(ζ).
Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:
gravitas aeris solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—
(η).
Solvi in, to pass into, become:
in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,
Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:
donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,
disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:
postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),
Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—
4.
To consume, to destroy, dissolve:
solvere orbes,
Manil. 1, 497:
ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),
Lucr. 3, 287:
(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,
Liv. 39, 40, 11:
si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:
(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,
id. ib. 7, 9, 4:
tabes solvit corpora,
Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:
nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),
id. 3, 506:
ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,
Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:
solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,
Sen. Ep. 22, 3:
hanc mihi solvite vitam,
Prop. 2, 9, 39.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.
a.
From the body, etc.:
teque isto corpore solvo,
Verg. A. 4, 703:
soluta corpore anima,
Quint. 5, 14, 13:
qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,
Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:
vocem solvere,
to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:
suspiria solvit,
Stat. Th. 11, 604:
solvat turba jocos,
Sen. Med. 114:
solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),
Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:
Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,
unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—
b.
Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:
linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,
Ov. M. 3, 261:
lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,
Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:
ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,
id. Const. 11, 3:
(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,
Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:
magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,
Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.
of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,
unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—
c.
From obligations and debts:
solvit me debito,
Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:
an nos debito solverit,
id. Ep. 81, 3:
ut religione civitas solvatur,
Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:
te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),
Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:
hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,
Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:
sacramento solvi,
Tac. A. 16, 13:
cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,
Dig. 49, 16, 13:
militia solvere,
Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:
ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,
Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:
ut manere solveretur,
that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—
d.
From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):
si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,
be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:
atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,
id. ib. 4, 9:
sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,
Ov. F. 6, 452:
ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,
id. ib. 2, 40:
Helenen ego crimine solvo,
id. A. A. 2, 371:
quid crimine solvis Germanum?
Stat. Th. 11, 379:
solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —
e.
From feelings, etc.:
quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:
cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,
Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:
senatus cura belli solutus,
Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:
pectus linquunt cura solutum,
Lucr. 2, 45:
his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,
Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:
soluti metu,
Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:
solvent formidine terras,
Verg. E. 4, 14:
solve metu patriam,
Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:
metu belli Scythas solvit,
Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:
haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:
soluti a cupiditatibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:
his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:
longo luctu,
Verg. A. 2, 26:
tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),
Sen. Hippol. 450:
solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,
id. Herc. Fur. 1063:
Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?
Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:
solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),
the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:
rabie tigrim,
Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:
ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),
Sen. Ep. 95, 38:
calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?
i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:
solvite animos,
Manil. 4, 12.—With in:
vix haec in munera solvo animum,
i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—
f.
From sleep, very rare:
ego somno solutus sum,
awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—
g.
From labor, business, etc.:
volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,
Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:
solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,
Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:
Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,
to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—
h.
From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
frontem solvere disce,
Mart. 14, 183:
saltem ora trucesque solve genas,
Stat. Th. 11, 373:
solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:
solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,
be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:
vultum risu solvit,
relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:
risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,
Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,
solvere judicem,
unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:
solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),
Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:
ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:
cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?
Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:
solventur risu tabulae,
i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:
quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,
Quint. 5, 10, 67.—
k.
From any cause of restraint.
(α).
To release from siege:
Bassanitas obsidione solvere,
Liv. 44, 30:
patriam obsidione solvere,
Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —
(β).
From moral restraints:
hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,
gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—
l.
From laws and rules: legibus solvere.
(α).
To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:
Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,
Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:
cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 13, 31:
ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,
id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:
Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),
id. Att. 1, 16, 13:
solvatne legibus Scipionem,
Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:
petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,
Liv. 31, 50, 8:
Scipio legibus solutus est,
id. Epit. 56:
Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,
Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:
ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,
Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:
(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:
solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,
id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:
nec leti lege solutas,
Lucr. 3, 687:
nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),
Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:
et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,
Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—
(β).
Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:
reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,
i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:
soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,
id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:
solutus Legibus insanis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:
quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,
Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—
2.
To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.
(α).
Of troops, ranks, etc.:
ubi ordines procursando solvissent,
Liv. 42, 65, 8:
incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,
Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:
agmina Diductis solvere choris,
Verg. A. 5, 581:
solvit maniplos,
Juv. 8, 154:
solvuntur laudata cohors,
Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:
commissas acies ego possum solvere,
Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—
(β).
Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:
convivio soluto,
Liv. 40, 14 fin.:
convivium solvit,
Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:
Quid cessas convivia solvere?
Ov. F. 6, 675:
coetuque soluto Discedunt,
id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—
(γ).
Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:
(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,
Quint. 1, 9, 2:
quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,
id. 9, 4, 14:
ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,
id. 1, 8, 13:
non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—
3.
Implying a change for the worse.
a.
To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):
Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,
Sen. Ep. 51, 5:
usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:
infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,
Quint. 1, 2, 6:
solutus luxu,
id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:
soluti in luxum,
Tac. H. 2, 99:
in lasciviam,
id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:
si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,
Quint. 9, 4, 49.—
b.
To make torpid by removing sensation.
(α).
To relax, benumb the limbs or body;
as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,
Lucr. 6, 798:
ima Solvuntur latera,
Verg. G. 3, 523:
solvi debilitate corporis,
paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:
ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,
Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:
illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,
Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:
segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,
wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:
mentes solvere,
to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—
(β).
By frost ( poet.):
solvuntur illi frigore membra,
Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—
(γ).
By sleep ( poet. for sopio):
homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,
Ov. M. 7, 186:
corpora somnus Solverat,
id. ib. 10, 369:
molli languore solutus,
id. ib. 11, 648;
11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,
id. ib. 8, 817:
somno vinoque solutos,
id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:
ut membra solvit sopor,
id. ib. 12, 867:
non solvit pectora somnus,
Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:
solvitur in somnos,
Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:
aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,
lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—
(δ).
By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:
corporibus quae senectus solvit,
Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):
(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:
alius inter cenandum solutus est,
id. Ep. 66, 43:
ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,
id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:
me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,
Sen. Troad. 605:
solvi inedia,
Petr. 111:
sic morte quasi somno soluta est,
Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,
4.
Of logical dissolution, to refute:
non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,
how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:
argumentum solvere,
Quint. 2, 17, 34:
solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,
Sen. Const. 12, 3.—
b.
To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:
deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,
Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.
II.
To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.
A.
In a corporeal sense.
1.
In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;
post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,
Quint. 2, 12, 1:
qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,
Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:
supera compage soluta,
Stat. Th. 8, 31.—
2.
To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:
nullo solvente catenas,
Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:
solvere frenum,
Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:
loris solutis,
Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:
qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,
Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:
gelu solvitur,
it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:
solvitur acris hiems,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:
facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:
Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,
looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:
indigno non solvit bracchia collo,
Stat. Th. 5, 217:
digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,
id. ib. 8, 585.—
3.
To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:
solve vidulum ergo,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:
eam solve cistulam,
id. Am. 2, 2, 151:
solve zonam,
untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:
solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,
Stat. Th. 5, 62:
animai nodos a corpore solvit,
Lucr. 2, 950:
nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,
Curt. 3, 1, 18:
quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?
Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:
solvere nodum,
Stat. Th. 11, 646:
laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,
Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:
vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,
Ov. M. 9, 58:
fasciam solve,
Sen. Ep. 80, 10:
solutis fasciis,
Curt. 7, 6, 5:
solvi fasciculum,
Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:
crinales vittas,
Verg. A. 7, 403:
Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,
Curt. 7, 2, 25:
equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,
Sen. Ep. 80, 9:
redimicula solvite collo,
Ov. F. 4, 135:
corollas de fronte,
Prop. 1, 3, 21:
solvere portas,
Stat. Th. 3, 492:
munimina valli,
id. ib. 12, 10:
ille pharetram Solvit,
Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:
solutis ac patefactis venis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:
venam cultello solvere,
Col. 6, 14; cf.
also: lychnis alvum solvit,
looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:
ventrem,
Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:
stomachus solutus = venter solutus,
loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—
B.
Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.
1.
Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).
a.
Of the mouth, etc., to open:
talibus ora solvit verbis,
Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:
ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,
Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:
vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,
os promptius ac solutius,
Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:
hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—
b.
To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:
si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,
Gai. Inst. 3, 160:
cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,
id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:
morte solvetur compromissum,
Dig. 4, 8, 27:
soluto matrimonio,
ib. 24, 3, 2:
solutum conjugium,
Juv. 9, 79:
qui... conjugalia solvit,
Sen. Med. 144:
nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,
Ov. M. 11, 743:
(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,
cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—
c.
To efface guilt or wrong:
magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,
Ov. F. 5, 304:
solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,
id. ib. 2, 44:
culpa soluta mea est,
id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:
neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—
d.
Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;
less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,
Cic. Mil. 31, 85:
capite poenas solvit,
Sall. J. 69, 4:
meritas poenas solventem,
Curt. 6, 3, 14:
poenarum solvendi tempus,
Lucr. 5, 1224:
nunc solvo poenas,
Sen. Phoen. 172:
hac manu poenas tibi solvam,
id. Hippol. 1177.—
e.
To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:
atque animi curas e pectore solvat,
Lucr. 4, 908:
curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,
Hor. Epod. 9, 38:
patrimonii cura solvatur,
Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §
2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:
solvite corde metum,
Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:
solve metus animo,
Stat. Th. 2, 356:
solvi pericula et metus narrant,
Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:
hoc uno solvitur ira modo,
id. A. A. 2, 460:
solvitque pudorem,
Verg. A. 4, 55.—
f.
Of sleep:
quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,
Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:
nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,
Luc. 6, 768; cf.:
lassitudinem solvere,
Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —
g.
Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.
(α).
To raise a siege:
solutam cernebat obsidionem,
Liv. 36, 10, 14:
soluta obsidione,
id. 36, 31, 7:
ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,
id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—
(β).
Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:
cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,
Liv. 36, 7, 13.—
(γ).
To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:
quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,
Sall. J. 39, 5:
imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,
Sen. Oedip. 525:
sonipedes imperia solvunt,
id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:
sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,
Quint. 11, 3, 58.—
h.
Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:
solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),
Curt. 10, 2, 5:
solutae a se legis monitus,
Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:
cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,
Liv. 8, 4, 7:
(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,
id. 1, 49, 7:
oportebat istum morem solvi,
Curt. 8, 8, 18.—
2.
Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).
a.
To subvert discipline:
disciplinam militarem solvisti,
Liv. 8, 7, 16:
luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,
id. 40, 1, 4:
quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,
Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—
b.
Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:
nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,
Sall. J. 41, 6:
patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,
Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
vires solvere,
Quint. 9, 4, 7:
vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,
Quint. 11, 3, 133.—
c.
Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:
segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,
Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;
similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,
Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:
hoc firmos solvit amores,
Ov. A. A. 2, 385:
amores cantibus et herbis solvere,
Tib. 1, 2, 60.—
d.
Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:
vitex dicitur febres solvere,
Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:
solvit jejunia granis,
Ov. F. 4, 607:
quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,
id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,
famem,
Sen. Thyest. 64.—
e.
To delay:
hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,
Sen. Troad. 1131.—
f.
Of darkness, to dispel:
lux solverat umbras,
Stat. Th. 10, 390.—
g.
Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:
aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,
Sen. Phoen. 406:
electus formae certamina solvere pastor,
Stat. Achill. 2, 337:
jurgia solvere,
Manil. 3, 115:
contradictiones solvere,
Quint. 7, 1, 38.—
h.
Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:
quia quaestionem solvere non posset,
Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:
aenigmata,
Quint. 8, 6, 53:
omnes solvere posse quaestiones,
Suet. Gram. 11:
haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,
Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:
unum tantum hoc solvendum est,
that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:
puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,
id. Ep. 48, 6:
carmina non intellecta Solverat,
Ov. M. 7, 760:
triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,
Sen. Oedip. 102:
nodos juris,
Juv. 8, 50:
proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,
Quint. 5, 10, 96:
plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,
id. 1, 10, 49:
quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,
id. 3, 7, 3:
ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,
id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—
3.
In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.
a.
To pay.
(α).
Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:
quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,
Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:
inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),
Liv. 6, 14, 5:
quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,
id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:
pro vectura rem solvit?
paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:
ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:
tibi res soluta est recte,
id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:
ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,
id. ib. 5, 2, 20:
rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,
id. ib. 5, 3, 45:
dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:
res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,
id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);
semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,
they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:
si tergo res solvonda'st,
by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:
habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,
id. Curc. 3, 9:
tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,
(β).
Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:
cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,
Cic. Fl. 18, 43:
ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,
id. ib. 20, 46:
misimus qui pro vectura solveret,
id. Att. 1, 3, 2:
qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,
Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:
ut creditori solvat,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:
si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,
it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:
numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,
to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:
fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,
id. ib. 2, 24, 84:
cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,
Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:
non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,
Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—
(γ).
With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:
postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,
settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:
solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,
id. Fl. 23, 54:
ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,
id. Att. 16, 2, 1:
solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:
aes alienum solvere,
Sen. Ep. 36, 5:
quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?
id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,
debitum solvere,
id. ib. 6, 30, 2:
ne pecunias creditas solverent,
Cic. Pis. 35, 86:
ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:
ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,
Liv. 6, 15, 5:
ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,
Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:
cum patriae quod debes solveris,
Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:
debet vero, solvitque praeclare,
id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:
aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:
qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,
id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —
(δ).
By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:
emi: pecuniam solvi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:
pro frumento nihil solvit,
id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §
169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,
Liv. 44, 16:
hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,
Nep. Milt. 7, 6:
nisi pecuniam solvisset,
id. Cim. 1, 1:
condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,
Liv. 30, 37 med.:
pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,
id. 36, 3, 1:
pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,
id. 32, 26, 14:
pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,
id. 40, 39 fin.:
meritam mercedem,
id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:
quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,
Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:
stipendium,
Liv. 28, 32, 1:
dotem mulieri,
Dig. 24, 3, 2:
litem aestimatam,
the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:
arbitria funeris,
the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:
solvere dodrantem,
to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:
dona puer solvit,
paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,
munera,
id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:
et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,
Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:
si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,
Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:
si (actor) solutus fuisset,
Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —
(ε).
Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:
aliquid praesens solvere,
to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,
aliquid de praesentibus solvere,
Sen. Ep. 97, 16:
solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,
Vell. 2, 25:
quas solvere grates sufficiam?
Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;
nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,
Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:
unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):
Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,
Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:
homines dicere, se a me solvere,
id. ib. 5, 21, 11:
(summa) erat solvenda de meo,
Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:
operas solvere alicui,
to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:
stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,
Gai. Inst. 4, 90:
iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,
Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;
2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,
a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.
in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,
Liv. 31, 13:
nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,
Dig. 50, 17, 105:
qui modo solvendo sint,
Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:
si solvendo sint,
Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:
nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,
Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:
solvendo non erat,
Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:
cum solvendo civitates non essent,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:
tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:
ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,
id. Off. 2, 22, 79;
and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,
Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:
*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),
Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —
b.
To fulfil the duty of burial.
(α).
Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:
qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,
who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:
justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,
Curt. 3, 12, 15:
proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,
id. 10, 6, 7:
ut justa soluta Remo,
Ov. F. 5, 452:
nunc justa nato solve,
Sen. Hippol. 1245.—
(β).
Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:
exsequiis rite solutis,
Verg. A. 7, 5:
cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,
Sen. Hippol. 1198:
solvere suprema militibus,
Tac. A. 1, 61.—
c.
Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.
(α).
Alone:
vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:
quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,
Liv. 31, 9 fin.:
liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,
id. 40, 44, 8:
placatis diis votis rite solvendis,
id. 36, 37 fin.:
petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,
id. 45, 44:
animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,
Sen. Ep. 73, 5:
vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,
Tac. A. 2, 69:
vota pater solvit,
Ov. M. 9, 707:
ne votum solvat,
Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:
voti debita solvere,
Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.
the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),
Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:
V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),
ib. 2022 et saep.:
sacra solvere (=votum solvere),
Manil. 1, 427.—
(β).
With dat.:
ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:
vota Jovi solvo,
Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:
sunt vota soluta deae,
id. F. 6, 248:
dis vota solvis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:
libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),
Just. 18, 5, 4.—
d.
Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:
fidem obligatam liberare,
Suet. Claud. 9):
illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,
Flor. 1, 1, 12;
similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),
Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—
e.
Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):
perinde quasi promissum solvens,
Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:
solvitur quod cuique promissum est,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;
similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,
what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.
A.
Lit.
1.
(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:
tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,
id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:
reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,
id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:
cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?
Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:
nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,
unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:
duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,
Liv. 27, 51:
eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,
id. 24, 45, 10:
non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,
Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—
2.
(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;
postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,
Sen. Ep. 90, 21;
ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,
Col. 2, 9:
soluta et facilis terra,
id. 3, 14;
solum solutum vel spissum,
id. 2, 2 init.;
seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,
Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:
hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,
id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:
solutiores ripae,
Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:
mas spissior, femina solutior,
Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:
dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,
Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—
3.
(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:
turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:
aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—
B.
Trop.
1.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:
(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,
Cic. Or. 47, 173:
verbis solutus satis,
id. ib. 47, 174:
solutissimus in dicendo,
id. ib. 48, 180.—
2.
Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:
quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?
Cic. Planc. 30, 72:
soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,
unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:
si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,
Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;
non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,
id. ib. 4, 21, 3;
solutus omni fenore,
Hor. Epod. 2, 4;
nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,
Liv. 8, 32, 5:
Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—
3.
Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:
quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,
Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:
apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,
i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:
maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,
Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—
4.
Free from cares, undistracted:
animo soluto liberoque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:
sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,
id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—
5.
At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:
te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,
Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:
quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:
Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,
Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—
6.
Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:
quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,
Cic. Dom. 39, 104:
an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?
Sen. Ep. 23, 4:
vultus,
Stat. Th. 5, 355:
(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,
unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—
7.
Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:
cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,
Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:
ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,
Liv. 29, 1 fin.:
Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,
Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:
incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,
Tac. A. 2, 4:
quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,
Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:
rectore solutos (solis) equos,
Stat. Th. 1, 219.—
8.
Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:
nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;
cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,
id. Div. 1, 2, 4:
judicio senatus soluto et libero,
id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:
sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,
id. Att. 1, 13, 2:
libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:
si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:
liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,
uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—
9.
Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:
amores soluti et liberi,
Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:
licentia,
id. ib. 4, 4, 4:
populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,
id. ib. 1, 34, 53:
quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,
id. Mil. 13, 34:
quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,
Liv. 27, 31 fin.:
adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,
id. 2, 1, 2:
solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,
a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:
spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,
Suet. Aug. 44:
mores soluti,
licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—
10.
Regardless of rules, careless, loose:
orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,
Cic. Brut. 62, 225:
dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,
Tac. A. 16, 18.—
11.
Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.
(α).
Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:
est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,
Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—
(β).
More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);
in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,
Cic. Or. 52, 174:
mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,
id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;
68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,
Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;
de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,
id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:
ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,
id. ib. 7, 1:
primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,
Cic. Brut. 8, 32:
Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,
id. Or. 57, 192:
et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,
id. ib. 64, 215:
a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,
id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—
(γ).
Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:
ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,
Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:
nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,
id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—
(δ).
Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:
soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,
Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:
solutiora componere,
id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—
12.
Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):
sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,
Quint. 11, 3, 146.—
13.
Undisciplined, disorderly:
omnia soluta apud hostes esse,
Liv. 8, 30, 3:
nihil temeritate solutum,
Tac. A. 13, 40:
apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,
Just. 34, 2, 2.—
14.
Lax, remiss, weak:
mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:
Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,
Tac. Or. 18:
soluti ac fluentes,
Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:
solutum genus orationis,
a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:
quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,
laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—
C.
(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:
aliquid in solutum dare,
to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:
qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,
Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:
qui rem in solutum accipit,
Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;
in solutum imputare,
to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:
pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,
Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:
pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,
Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.
1.
Thinly:
corpora diffusa solute,
Lucr. 4, 53.—
2.
Of speech, fluently:
non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,
Cic. Brut. 29, 110:
ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,
id. ib. 81, 280:
quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,
Tac. A. 4, 31.—
3.
Irregularly, loosely:
a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—
4.
Freely, without restraint:
generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,
i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—
5.
Of style, without connection, loosely:
enuntiare,
Quint. 11, 2, 47.—
6.
Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:
praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),
Liv. 39, 1, 4:
in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,
id. 23, 37, 6.—
7.
Weakly, tamely, without vigor:
quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,
Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—
8.
Of morals, loosely, without restraint:
ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,
Tac. A. 13, 47.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > solvo
3 pretium

pretium ī, n [PRA-], a price, money value, value in exchange: pretia praediorum: duobus pretiis idem frumentum vendere: certa pretia constituere, fix: urbem pretio posuit, paid, V.: vectigalia parvo pretio redempta, cheaply, Cs.: pretio mercari ordinem senatorium, purchase: pactum pro capite, ransom: captivos pretio remittere, for a ransom, Cu.: tripodes pretium victoribus, prize, V.: rude, money, O.: In pretio pretium nunc est, wealth, O.: converso in pretium deo, i. e. a shower of gold, H.— Value, worth: agrum preti maioris nemo habet, T.: alicuius preti esse, of any value: in pretio esse, to be esteemed, L.: aurum in pretio habent, prize, Ta.: pudebat libertatis maius esse apud feminas pretium, etc., Cu.— Pay, hire, wages, bribe: Metellum pretio conrumpere: pretio adductus eripere patriam: sine pretio varium ius fuisse, bribery.—Fig., worth, value, esteem: homines magni preti: operae eorum pretium facere, value their services, L.: sive aliquod morum Est pretium, O.— Recompense, return, reward: pretium recte facti triumphum habere, L.: pretium debito beneficio addere, L.: satis ampla pretia, prizes, L.: Est pretium curae cognoscere, etc., it is worth the trouble, Iu.—With operae, a return for trouble, worth the effort, worth while: si nihil quod operae pretium esset fecerant: facturusne operae pretium sim, produce a work worth the pains, L.: operae pretium habent libertatem, i. e. their service is well rewarded by freedom, L.: ratus captā urbe, operae pretium fore, a prize, S.— Recompense, punishment: pretium ob stultitiam fero, T.: peccare nefas, aut pretium est mori, H.: sceleris, Iu.
* * *

preti(i) N N

price/value/worth; reward/pay; money; prayer/request

pretium natalis -- weregeld

Latin-English dictionary > pretium
4 denumero

denumerare, denumeravi, denumeratus V TRANS

pay (money) in full; pay down (loan)

Latin-English dictionary > denumero
5 synagrapha

synagraphae N F

promissory note, bond; written contract/IOU signed by both parties to pay money

Latin-English dictionary > synagrapha
6 aes

aes, aeris (often used in plur. nom. and acc.; abl. aeribus, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll., and Lucr. 2, 636; gen. AERVM, Inscr. Orell. 3551), n. [cf. Germ. Eisen = iron, Erz = copper; Goth. aiz = copper, gold; Angl.Sax. ar, ær = ore, copper, brass; Eng. iron, ore; Lat. aurum; with the com. notion of brightness; cf. aurora, etc.].
I.
Any crude metal dug out of the earth, except gold and silver; esp.,
a.
Aes Cyprium, whence cuprum, copper: scoria aeris, copper dross or scoria, Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:
aeris flos,
flowers of copper, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:
squama aeris,
scales of copper, Cels. 2, 12 init.:
aes fundere,
Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94:
conflare et temperare,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 197:
India neque aes neque plumbum habet,
id. 34, 17, 48, § 163:
aurum et argentum et aes,
Vulg. Ex. 25, 3.—
b.
An alloy, for the most part of copper and tin, bronze (brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was hardly known to the ancients. For their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to copper and tin till B.C. 400, after which they added lead. Silver is rare in Greek bronze coins. The Romans admitted lead into their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and, under Calig., Nero, Vesp., and Domit., issued pure copper coins, and then reverted to the mixture of lead. In the bronze mirrors now existing, which are nearly all Etruscan, silver predominated to give a highly reflecting surface. The antique bronze had about 87 parts of copper to 13 of tin. An analysis of several objects has given the following centesimal parts: statua ex aere, Cic. Phil. 9, 6:
simulacrum ex aere factum,
Plin. 34, 4, 9, § 15:
valvas ex aere factitavere,
id. 34, 3, 7, § 13.—Hence:
ducere aliquem ex aere,
to cast one's image in bronze, id. 7, 37, 38, § 125; and in the same sense poet.:
ducere aera,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240:
aes Corinthium,
Plin. 34, 2, 3, §§ 5-8; v. Corinthius.—
II.
Meton.
A.
(Esp. in the poets.) For everything made or prepared from copper, bronze, etc. ( statues, tables of laws, money), and (as the ancients had the art of hardening and tempering copper and bronze) weapons, armor, utensils of husbandry: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, the trumpet sounds, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 32 (Trag. v. 213 Vahl.):
Et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus: Aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli Miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant, etc.,
Lucr. 5, 1287:
quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi jussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit,
Cic. Phil. 1, 17; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1; Tac. A. 11, 14; 12, 53; id. H. 4, 40: aere ( with the trumpet, horn) ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165:
non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,
Ov. M. 1, 98 (hence also rectum aes, the tuba, in contr. with the crooked buccina, Juv. 2, 118); a brazen prow, Verg. A. 1, 35; the brazen age, Hor. Epod. 16, 64.—In plur.: aera, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Verg. A. 2, 734; Hor. C. 4, 8, 2 al.—
B.
Money: the first Roman money consisted of small rude masses of copper, called aes rude, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; afterwards as coined:
aes signatum,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43;
so aes alone: si aes habent, dant mercem,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 49:
ancilla aere suo empta,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26: aes circumforaneum. borrowed from the brokers in the forum, Cic. Att. 2, 1: Hic meret aera liber Sosiis, earns them money, Hor. A. P. [p. 61] 345:
gravis aere dextra,
Verg. E. 1, 36:
effusum est aes tuum,
Vulg. Ez. 16, 36:
neque in zona aes (tollerent),
ib. Maarc. 6, 8:
etiam aureos nummos aes dicimus,
Dig. 50, 16, 159.—Hence,
1.
Aes alienum, lit. the money of another; hence, in reference to him who has it, the sum owed, a debt, Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 2:
habere aes alienum,
Cic. Fam. 5, 6:
aes alienum amicorum suscipere,
to take upon one's self, id. Off. 2, 16:
contrahere,
to run up, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
facere,
id. Att. 13, 46:
conflare,
Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:
in aes alienum incidere,
to fall into debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 9:
in aere alieno esse,
to be in debt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 6; so,
aere alieno oppressum esse,
id. Font. 1; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 2:
laborare ex aere alieno,
Caes. B. C. 3, 22:
liberare se aere alieno,
to get quit of, Cic. Att. 6, 2; so,
aes alienum dissolvere,
id. Sull. 56:
aere alieno exire,
to get out of, id. Phil. 11, 6.—
2.
In aere meo est, trop., he is, as it were, among my effects, he is my friend (only in the language of common conversation):
in animo habui te in aere meo esse propter Lamiae nostri conjunctionem,
Cic. Fam. 13, 62; 15, 14.—
* 3.
Alicujus aeris esse, to be of some value, Gell. 18, 5.—
* 4.
In aere suo censeri, to be esteemed according to its own worth, Sen. Ep. 87.—
C.
Sometimes = as, the unit of the standard of money (cf. as); hence, aes grave, the old heary money (as weighed, not counted out):
denis milibus aeris gravis reos condemnavit,
Liv. 5, 12:
indicibus dena milia aeris gravis, quae tum divitiae habebantur, data,
id. 4, 60; so, aes alone and in the gen. sing., instead of assium:
aeris miliens, triciens,
a hundred millions, three millions, Cic. Rep. 3, 10:
qui milibus aeris quinquaginta census fuisset,
Liv. 24, 11.—Also for coins that are smaller than an as (quadrans, triens, etc.):
nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum aere, i. e. quadrante, lavantur (those who bathed paid each a quadrans),
Juv. 2, 152 (cf.:
dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 137).—
D.
Wages, pay.
1.
A soldier's pay = stipendium:
negabant danda esse aera militibus,
Liv. 5, 4. And soon after: annua aera habes: annuam operam ede.— Hence in plur., = stipendia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33.—
2.
Reward, payment, in gen., Juv. 6, 125: nullum in bonis numero, quod ad aes exit, that has in view or aims at pay, reward, Sen. Ep. 88.—
E.
In plur.: aera, counters; hence also the items of a computed sum (for which, later, a sing. form aera, ae (q. v.), came into use): si aera singula probāsti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. ap. Non. 3, 18.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aes
7 pretium

prĕtĭum, ii, n. [Sanscr. root par-, pana (for parna), wager, loan; Gr. pi-praskô, to sell; priamai, to buy; cf. pornos], that for or by which any thing is bought or sold (class.).
I.
Lit., money spent for any thing:
nil pretio parsit, filio dum parceret,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 32:
femina... urbem Exiguam pretio posuit,
for money has founded a small city, Verg. A. 4, 211:
vectigalia parvo pretio redempta habere,
for little money, cheaply, Caes. B. G. 1, 18:
pretio mercari ordinem senatorium,
to purchase, to gain with money, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 49, § 122:
permutare pretio noluit, aliāve merce,
Plin. 9, 55, 81, § 171.—
B.
In gen., money, wealth, etc. ( poet.), Ov. P. 2, 8, 6:
in pretio pretium nunc est,
id. F. 1, 217:
converso in pretium deo,
i. e. into a shower of gold, Hor. C. 3, 16, 8.—
II.
Transf., worth, value, price.
A.
In gen.: nec mi aurum posco nec mi pretium dederitis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 200 Vahl.):
pretium statuere merci,
to set, fix, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 133:
pretium certum constituere,
Cic. Att. 12, 33, 1:
enumerare,
id. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:
pacisci pro re aliquā,
to agree upon, settle, id. Off. 3, 29, 107:
exsolvere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 26:
quibus hic pretiis porci veneunt?
at what prices are they sold here? id. ib. 2, 2, 15:
vendere aliquid pretio suo,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 30; id. Ps. 1, 2, 36:
parare sibi pretio aliquid,
id. Merc. 2, 3, 7:
multi extulerunt eorum pretia,
Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 6:
jacent pretia praediorum,
are low, down, fallen, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33.—
B.
Esp.
1.
In phrases: magni, parvi pretii esse, to be high or low in price, of much or little worth, of great or of small value:
nullus est tam parvi pretii, quin,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 60:
ne tu habes servum graphicum, et quantivis pretii!
id. Ep. 3, 3, 29:
agrum majoris pretii nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:
noli spectare, quanti homo sit: parvi enim pretii est, qui jam nihil est,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
de illis potissimum jactura fit, quia pretii minimi sunt,
Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2, 9: pretium habere, to have a value, to be worth something:
vendat oleum, si pretium habeat,
Cato, R. R. 2, 7:
annona porro pretium nisi in calamitate fructuum non habet,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227; but also: pretium habere, to have a price, be for sale:
quis ignorat quin id longe sit liberalibus disciplinis dignissimum, non vendere operam: cum pleraque hoc ipso possint videri vilia, quod pretium habent,
Quint. 12, 7, 8; hence: pretium non habere, to have no price, be above price (late Lat.):
nihil esse pretiosius, immo eum pretium non habere testatur,
Aug. Serm. 36, 8: in pretio esse, to be of worth, value, or estimation, to be in repute:
tum coquus in pretio esse (coeptus),
Liv. 39, 6, 9:
nec in pretio fertilis hortus erat,
Ov. F. 5, 316; Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 22: in pretio habere, to regard as of value:
in magno pretio habere,
Sen. Ep. 75, 11:
aurum et argentum in pretio habent,
Tac. G. 5;
for which cf.: pudebat libertatis majus esse apud feminas quam apud viros pretium,
Curt. 8, 2, 28: pretium facere, to fix or set a price or value; of a seller: indica, fac pretium. Do. Tua merx est;
tua indicatio est,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 37;
of a purchaser: quis faceret pretium, nisi qui sua perdere vellet Omnia?
Mart. 1, 86, 7; Dig. 10, 3, 19.—
2.
Wages, reward (mostly poet.):
pro pretio facio ut opera appareat,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 59:
operam Epidici nunc me emere pretio pretioso velim,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 17:
reddere alicui pro benefactis,
id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:
palmae pretium victoribus,
Verg. A. 5, 111.—
III.
Trop., worth, value:
quales ex hac die experiundo cognovit, perinde operae eorum pretium faceret,
would estimate their services, Liv. 27, 17:
sive aliquod morum Est pretium,
Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 43: corticis etiam ad medicamenta pretium est, Plin, 12, 25, 54, § 118; 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
B.
Transf., pay, hire, wages, reward, price (cf.: stipendium, merces).
1.
In a good sense: majores seorsum atque diversum pretium paravere bonis atque strenuis, decurionatus... aliosque honores, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. optionatus, p. 201 Müll.; so,
= praemium (opp. poena), ita et pretium recte facti triumphum haberet L. Paulus pro egregie bello gesto,
Liv. 45, 37, 5:
ut pretium honoremque debito beneficio addat,
id. 45, 14, 1:
cum pro cujusque merito consul pretia poenasque exsolvisset,
id. 26, 40, 15 Weissenb. ad loc.:
satis ampla pretia,
prizes, id. 21, 43, 6:
virtutum pretium,
Sen. Clem. 1, 1, 1.— Plur.: tam longā valetudine conflictabatur, ut haec tanta pretia vivendi mortis rationibus vincerentur, rewards of living, i. e. motives for living, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 4.—Esp. in phrase pretium curae, and more freq. pretium operae, a reward for trouble:
mihi visum est pretium curae, ipsum, senatus consultum quaerere,
seemed to me worth the trouble, worth while, Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 2:
est pretium curae cognoscere, etc.,
Juv. 6, 474: facturusne operae pretium sim, etc.,... nec satis scio, what will pay for the trouble, Liv. praef.:
operae pretium habent libertatem, civitatemque,
id. 25, 6; 21, 43: audire est operae pretium, etc., Enn. ap. Acron. ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 37 (Ann. v. 454 Vahl.); so Liv. 3, 26, 7: reddere opis pretium pro factis, Enn. ap. Sen. Ep. 108 (Epigr. v. 6 Vahl.):
quo in genere est operae pretium diligentiam majorum recordari,
it is worth while, Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 73:
captā urbe, operae pretium fore,
Sall. J. 81, 2;
so without operae (post-Aug.): Germanico pretium fuit convertere agmen,
thought it of importance, Tac. A. 1, 57:
ni pretium foret Pisonis sententias noscere,
were it not worth while, were it not of importance, id. ib. 2, 35:
posse eum, si operae pretium faciat, principem popularium esse,
if he does any thing worth while, any thing of importance, Liv. 25, 30: duos servos ad hostes transfugisse et operae pretium fecisse, have done valuable service, Quadrig. ap. Sen. Ben. 3, 23:
scriptor minime utilis, cujus libro adtingere nullum pretium operae sit,
Gell. 12, 2, 1; so,
operis pretium est,
Sil. 16, 45.—
2.
In a bad sense (i. q. poena), reward, punishment, like the Gr. timê, misthos ( poet.): si malos imitabor, tum pretium pro noxā dabis, Liv. And. ap. Non. 365, 27:
verbera, compedes, molae... haec pretia sunt ignaviae,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:
ego pretium ob stultitiam fero,
Ter. And. 3, 5, 4:
et peccare nefas, aut pretium est mori,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 24:
ille crucem pretium sceleris tulit, hic diadema,
Juv. 13, 105.—Of bribery:
adduci pretio ad hominem condemnandum,
Cic. Caecil. 10, 29:
pretio judicem corrumpere,
id. ib. 25, 72:
nec prece, nec pretio a rectā viā deduci,
Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pretium
8 expendo

ex-pendo, di, sum, 3, v. a., to weigh out, weigh.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen. (very rare):
aliquem,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 34:
ut jam expendantur, non numerentur pecuniae,
Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 97:
bacam, nucem,
Cels. 5, 19, 12.—With abl. of that against which any thing is weighed:
hunc hominem decet auro expendi,
i. e. is worth his weight in gold, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 1.— Poet.:
ibat et expenso planta morata gradu,
measured, Prop. 2, 4, 6 (16).—
B.
In partic., to weigh out money in payment, to pay out, pay; to lay out, expend (class.;
syn.: pendo, impendo, pondero, solvo, luo): ante pedes praetoris in foro expensum est auri pondo centum,
Cic. Fl. 28, 68:
nummos nominibus certis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105:
usuras gravissimas,
Dig. 19, 1, 47:
viginti milia talenta in hos sumptus,
Just. 12, 11.—With abl.:
aurum auro expendetur, argentum argento exaequabitur,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 43. —
2.
In the part. perf. as a neutr. subst.: expensum, i, money paid, a payment:
bene igitur ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos convenit,
of debt and credit, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 146; id. Truc. 1, 1, 54:
in codicem expensum et receptum referre,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 3:
probari debere pecuniam datam consuetis modis, expensi latione, mensae rationibus, chirographi exhibitione, etc.,
Gell. 14, 2, 7.—Esp. freq.: ferre alicui expensum or pecuniam expensam, to set down, enter, charge, reckon, account a sum as paid (opp. accipio):
quod minus Dolabella Verri acceptum retulit quam Verres illi expensum tulerit... quid proderat tibi te expensum illis non tulisse?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, §§
100 and 102: haec pecunia necesse est aut data aut expensa lata aut stipulata sit,
id. Rosc. Com. 5, 14: pecunias ferre (opp. acceptas referre), Auct. B. Alex. 56, 3: homines prope quadringentos produxisse dicitur, quibus sine fenore pecunias expensas tulisset, had set down, i. e. lent, Liv. 5, 20, 6.—Rarely transf., of other things: legio, quam expensam tulit C. Caesari Pompeius, i. e. transferred, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4; for which also: expenso ferre vestem supellectilis nomine, Dig. 33, 10, 19.
II.
Trop.
A.
(Acc. to I. A.) To weigh mentally, to ponder, estimate, consider, judge, decide (class.):
equidem cum colligo argumenta causarum, non tam ea numerare soleo quam expendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 76 fin.; cf.:
in dissensione civili... expendendos cives non numerandos puto,
id. Rep. 6, 1:
omnia expendet ac seliget,
id. Or. 15, 47:
vos in privatis minimarum rerum judiciis testem diligenter expenditis,
id. Fl. 5, 12:
singula animo suo,
Ov. Am. 3, 5, 34:
haec arte aliqua,
Cic. Brut. 50, 186; cf.:
verba arte,
Tac. A. 13, 3:
omnes casus,
Verg. A. 12, 21:
belli consilia,
Tac. H. 1, 87:
causam meritis,
to decide, Ov. M. 13, 150 et saep.:
quae contemplantes expendere oportebit, quid quisque habeat sui,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113:
Hannibalem,
Juv. 10, 147:
quid conveniat nobis,
id. 10, 347.—
B.
(Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay a penalty, suffer a punishment ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): poenas Jovi expendisse (shortly after, in prose, poenas pendens), Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 10, 23; cf.:
infanda per orbem Supplicia et scelerum poenas expendimus omnes,
Verg. A. 11, 258:
dignas poenas pro talibus ausis,
Sil. 13, 698:
poenas capite,
Tac. A. 12, 19:
dura supplicia,
Sil. 6, 588.—Hence, to pay for, expiate:
scelus,
Verg. A. 2, 229:
dignum pretium Poeno,
Sil. 7, 713.—
C.
(Cf. I. B. 2.) Ipsam facilitati suae expensum ferre debere, i. e. have to ascribe to, Dig. 36, 4, 3:
creditores suae negligentiae expensum ferre debeant,
ib. 42, 8, 24.—

* expense, adv., largely, very much (late Lat.), Theod. Prisc. de Diaeta, 13.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > expendo
9 numeratum

1.
nŭmĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [numerus], to count, reckon, number (syn. recenseo).
I.
Lit.:
si singulos numeremus in singulas (civitates),
Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7: ea, si ex reis numeres, innumerabilia sunt;
si ex rebus, modica,
id. de Or. 2, 32, 137:
numerare per digitos,
Ov. F. 3, 123:
votaque pro dominā vix numeranda facit,
that can hardly be counted, almost innumerable, Tib. 4, 4, 12:
amores divūm numerare,
Verg. G. 4, 347:
pecus,
id. E. 3, 34:
viros,
Sil. 7, 51:
milites,
Luc. 3, 285:
aureos voce digitisque numerare,
Suet. Claud. 21:
numera sestertia qumque omnibus in rebus—numerentur deinde labores,
Juv. 9, 41 sq.: numera senatum, said to the consul by a senator opposed to a bill, and who considered that there was not a quorum of senators present; like the phrase to demand a call of the House, Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.:
ne quid ad senatum consule! aut numera,
Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2 Orell. N. cr.: posset rem impedire, si, ut numerarentur, postularet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 2 (cf. also Plin. Pan. 76).—In law, of days granted for deliberation, etc.:
continui dies numerantur,
Gai. Inst. 2, 173; cf.:
tempus numeratur,
id. ib. 2, 172.—
B.
In partic., of money, to count out, pay out, pay:
stipendium numerare militibus,
Cic. Pis. 36, 88:
pecuniam de suo,
id. Att. 16, 16, A, § 5; id. Fl. 19, 44; Nep. Ep. 3, 6:
talenta,
Suet. Caes. 4:
aliquid usurae nomine,
id. ib. 42:
alicui pensionem,
Liv. 29, 16:
magnam pecuniam numerare,
Caes. B. C. 3, 3.— Absol., Plaut. As. Perioch. 4.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To reckon, number as one's own, i. e. to have, possess (rare):
donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos,
Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:
triumphos,
Juv. 6, 169:
tum licet a Pico numeres genus,
id. 8, 131:
veterani tricena aut supra stipendia numerantes,
Tac. A. 1, 35.—
B.
To account, reckon, esteem, consider as any thing.—With two acc.:
Sulpicium accusatorem suum numerabat, non competitorem,
Cic. Mur. 24, 49:
hos non numero consulares,
id. Fam. 12, 2, 3:
stellas singulas numeras deos,
id. N. D. 3, 16, 40; id. Phil. 13, 4, 7:
quae isti bona numerant,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 44; cf.:
sapientes cives, qualem me et esse et numerari volo,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 18:
is prope alter Timarchides numerabatur,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:
numerare aliquid beneficii loco,
id. Fam. 2, 6, 1:
mors in beneficii parte (al. partem) numeretur,
id. Phil. 11, 1, 3:
voluptatem nullo loco,
id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:
aliquid in bonis,
id. Leg. 2, 5, 12; id. Fin. 1, 9, 31:
aliquid in actis,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
Herennius in mediocribus oratoribus numeratus est,
id. Brut. 45, 166:
aliquem in septem (sc. sapientibus),
id. Par. 1, 1, 8.—With inter:
ipse honestissimus inter suos numerabatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:
aliquem inter decemviros,
Liv. 3, 35, 3:
quae jactura inter damna numerata non est,
Just. 2, 5, 11; Lact. 2, 12, 4; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11:
numerabatur inter ostenta deminutus magistratuum numerus,
Tac. A. 12, 64; id. G. 29; id. Or. 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 1; 5, 3, 6; Quint. 3, 7, 18 al.:
inter amicos,
Ov. P. 4, 9, 35:
aliquem post aliquem,
Tac. H. 1, 77:
Thucydides numquam est numeratus orator,
Cic. Brut. 45, 166.—Hence, nŭmĕrātus, a, um, P. a., counted out, paid down:
argentum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 57; hence, in ready money, in cash:
hic sunt quinque argenti lectae numeratae minae,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 50:
duo talenta argenti numerata,
id. As. 1, 3, 41:
(vendidit aedis) praesentariis Argenti minis numeratis,
id. Trin. 4, 3, 75:
dos uxoris numerata,
Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:
pecunia,
id. Fl. 32, 80.—Hence, subst.: nŭmĕrātum, i, n., ready money, cash: quae tua est suavitas nolles a me hoc tempore aestimationem accipere;
nam numeratum, si cuperem, non haberem,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 9:
ut numerato malim quam aestimatione,
id. Att 12, 25, 1; Liv. 36, 21 fin.; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 166: in numerato, in ready money:
testamento edixit relinquere in numerato HS DC,
Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 135:
proferre in numerato,
id. 33, 3, 17, § 55; Gai. Inst. 2, 196; 3, 141.— Hence,
B.
Trop.: in numerato habere, to have in readiness (a phrase of Augustus):
dictum est de actore facile dicente ex tempore, ingenium eum in numerato habere,
Quint. 6, 3, 111; cf. Sen. Contr. 2, 13 fin.
2.
nŭmĕrō, adv., v. numerus fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > numeratum
10 numero

1.
nŭmĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [numerus], to count, reckon, number (syn. recenseo).
I.
Lit.:
si singulos numeremus in singulas (civitates),
Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7: ea, si ex reis numeres, innumerabilia sunt;
si ex rebus, modica,
id. de Or. 2, 32, 137:
numerare per digitos,
Ov. F. 3, 123:
votaque pro dominā vix numeranda facit,
that can hardly be counted, almost innumerable, Tib. 4, 4, 12:
amores divūm numerare,
Verg. G. 4, 347:
pecus,
id. E. 3, 34:
viros,
Sil. 7, 51:
milites,
Luc. 3, 285:
aureos voce digitisque numerare,
Suet. Claud. 21:
numera sestertia qumque omnibus in rebus—numerentur deinde labores,
Juv. 9, 41 sq.: numera senatum, said to the consul by a senator opposed to a bill, and who considered that there was not a quorum of senators present; like the phrase to demand a call of the House, Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.:
ne quid ad senatum consule! aut numera,
Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2 Orell. N. cr.: posset rem impedire, si, ut numerarentur, postularet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 2 (cf. also Plin. Pan. 76).—In law, of days granted for deliberation, etc.:
continui dies numerantur,
Gai. Inst. 2, 173; cf.:
tempus numeratur,
id. ib. 2, 172.—
B.
In partic., of money, to count out, pay out, pay:
stipendium numerare militibus,
Cic. Pis. 36, 88:
pecuniam de suo,
id. Att. 16, 16, A, § 5; id. Fl. 19, 44; Nep. Ep. 3, 6:
talenta,
Suet. Caes. 4:
aliquid usurae nomine,
id. ib. 42:
alicui pensionem,
Liv. 29, 16:
magnam pecuniam numerare,
Caes. B. C. 3, 3.— Absol., Plaut. As. Perioch. 4.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To reckon, number as one's own, i. e. to have, possess (rare):
donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos,
Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:
triumphos,
Juv. 6, 169:
tum licet a Pico numeres genus,
id. 8, 131:
veterani tricena aut supra stipendia numerantes,
Tac. A. 1, 35.—
B.
To account, reckon, esteem, consider as any thing.—With two acc.:
Sulpicium accusatorem suum numerabat, non competitorem,
Cic. Mur. 24, 49:
hos non numero consulares,
id. Fam. 12, 2, 3:
stellas singulas numeras deos,
id. N. D. 3, 16, 40; id. Phil. 13, 4, 7:
quae isti bona numerant,
id. Tusc. 5, 15, 44; cf.:
sapientes cives, qualem me et esse et numerari volo,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 18:
is prope alter Timarchides numerabatur,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:
numerare aliquid beneficii loco,
id. Fam. 2, 6, 1:
mors in beneficii parte (al. partem) numeretur,
id. Phil. 11, 1, 3:
voluptatem nullo loco,
id. Fin. 2, 28, 90:
aliquid in bonis,
id. Leg. 2, 5, 12; id. Fin. 1, 9, 31:
aliquid in actis,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
Herennius in mediocribus oratoribus numeratus est,
id. Brut. 45, 166:
aliquem in septem (sc. sapientibus),
id. Par. 1, 1, 8.—With inter:
ipse honestissimus inter suos numerabatur,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:
aliquem inter decemviros,
Liv. 3, 35, 3:
quae jactura inter damna numerata non est,
Just. 2, 5, 11; Lact. 2, 12, 4; Val. Max. 1, 6, 11:
numerabatur inter ostenta deminutus magistratuum numerus,
Tac. A. 12, 64; id. G. 29; id. Or. 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 1; 5, 3, 6; Quint. 3, 7, 18 al.:
inter amicos,
Ov. P. 4, 9, 35:
aliquem post aliquem,
Tac. H. 1, 77:
Thucydides numquam est numeratus orator,
Cic. Brut. 45, 166.—Hence, nŭmĕrātus, a, um, P. a., counted out, paid down:
argentum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 57; hence, in ready money, in cash:
hic sunt quinque argenti lectae numeratae minae,
id. Ps. 4, 7, 50:
duo talenta argenti numerata,
id. As. 1, 3, 41:
(vendidit aedis) praesentariis Argenti minis numeratis,
id. Trin. 4, 3, 75:
dos uxoris numerata,
Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:
pecunia,
id. Fl. 32, 80.—Hence, subst.: nŭmĕrātum, i, n., ready money, cash: quae tua est suavitas nolles a me hoc tempore aestimationem accipere;
nam numeratum, si cuperem, non haberem,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 9:
ut numerato malim quam aestimatione,
id. Att 12, 25, 1; Liv. 36, 21 fin.; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 166: in numerato, in ready money:
testamento edixit relinquere in numerato HS DC,
Plin. 33, 10, 47, § 135:
proferre in numerato,
id. 33, 3, 17, § 55; Gai. Inst. 2, 196; 3, 141.— Hence,
B.
Trop.: in numerato habere, to have in readiness (a phrase of Augustus):
dictum est de actore facile dicente ex tempore, ingenium eum in numerato habere,
Quint. 6, 3, 111; cf. Sen. Contr. 2, 13 fin.
2.
nŭmĕrō, adv., v. numerus fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > numero
11 numerō

numerō āvī, ātus, āre [numerus], to count, enumerate, reckon, number, take account of: singulos in singulas (civitates): per digitos, O.: pecus, V.: numerentur deinde labores, Iu.: ne quid ad senatum consule, aut numera, i. e. be sure of a quorum.—Of money, to count out, pay out, pay: ut numerabatur forte argentum, T.: primam (pensionem), L.: magnam pecuniam, Cs.: Quid refert, vivas numerato nuper an olim? (money) paid just now or long ago, H.: nummi numerati sunt Cornificio: stipendium militibus.— To recount, relate: Chao divōm amores, V.—Fig., to reckon, number, possess, own: Donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos, O.: triumphos, Iu.— To account, reckon, esteem, consider, regard, hold: Thucydides numquam est numeratus orator: Sulpicium accusatorem suum: quae isti bona numerant: hos poeuml;tas, H.: a quo mors in benefici parte numeretur: in mediocribus oratoribus numeratus est: honestissimus inter suos numerabatur: (Appium) inter decemviros, L.
* * *
I
ADV

quickly, rapidly; prematurely, too soon; too much(?)
II
numerare, numeravi, numeratus V TRANS

count, add up, reckon/compute; consider; relate; number/enumerate, catalog; pay

Latin-English dictionary > numerō
12 solvō

solvō solvī (soluit, Ct.; soluisse, Tb.), solūtus, ere [2 se+luo], to loosen, unbind, unfasten, unfetter, untie, release: iube solvi (eum), T.: ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt: ita nexi soluti (sunt), L.: Solvite me, pueri, V.: quo modo solvantur (nodi), Cu.: solve capillos, untie, O.: crines, let down, O.: terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae, i. e. thawed, H.: Solve senescentem equum, i. e. from service, H.: talibus ora solvit verbis, freely opens, O.: Solvite vela, unfurl, V.— To detach, remove, part, disengage, free: ancorā solutā (i. e. a litore): classis retinacula solvi iussit, O.: teque isto corpore solvo, V.: partūs, to bring forth, O.—Of ships, to free from land, set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart: navīs solvit, Cs.: primis tenebris solverat navem, L.: cum foedere solvere navīs, O.: navīs a terrā solverunt, Cs.: ab Corintho solvere navīs, L.: tertia fere vigiliā solvit (sc. navem), Cs.: nos eo die cenati solvimus: a Brundusio solvit, L.: Alexandriā solvisse: portu solventes.— To untie, unfasten, unlock, unseal, open: ille pharetram Solvit, uncovered, O.: solutā epistulā, N.: solutis fasciis, Cu.— To take apart, disintegrate, disunite, dissolve, separate, break up, scatter, dismiss: ubi ordines procursando solvissent, L.: agmina Diductis solvēre choris, V.: solvit maniplos, Iu.: coetuque soluto Discedunt, O.: urbem solutam reliquerunt, disorganized: si solvas ‘Postquam discordia tetra’... Invenias, etc., H.— To relax, benumb, make torpid, weaken: ima Solvuntur latera, V.: pennā metuente solvi, i. e. unflagging, H.: illi solvuntur frigore membra, V.: corpora somnus Solverat, O.: somno vinoque solutos, O.: Solvitur in somnos, V.— To loosen, break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, scatter: omne conligatum solvi potest: solvere navīs et rursus coniungere, Cu.: membra ratis, O.— To dissolve, melt, turn, change: nives solvere, melt, O.: (vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem, V.—Of fastenings, to loose, remove, cancel, untie, unlock: nullo solvente catenas, O.: Frenum solvit, Ph.: Solvitur acris hiemps, H.: a corpore bracchia, relaxes his hold, O.: crinalīs vittas, V.: vinculum epistulae, Cu.—Fig., to free, set free, release, loose, emancipate, relieve, exempt: linguam ad iurgia, O.: cupiditates suas, Cu.: Bassanitas obsidione, L.: ut religione civitas solvatur: Vopiscus, solvatur legibus, be exempted: petente Flacco ut legibus solveretur, L.: ut is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solvat, release the testamentary heirs: reus Postumus est eā lege... solutus ac liber, i. e. the law does not apply to: solutus Legibus insanis, H.: vos curis ceteris, T.: solvent formidine terras, V.: Vita solutorum miserā ambitione, H.: longo luctu, V.: calices quem non fecere Contractā in paupertate solutum? i. e. from cares, H.: ego somno solutus sum, awoke.— To acquit, absolve, cleanse, relieve: ut scelere solvamur, be held guiltless: hunc scelere solutum periculo liberavit: Sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei, O.— To relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe (poet.): solvatur fronte senectus (i. e. frons rugis solvatur), be cleared, H.: arctum hospitiis animum, H.—Of ties, obligations, or authority, to remove, cancel, destroy, efface, make void, annul, overthrow, subvert, violate, abolish: solutum coniugium, Iu.: nec coniugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus, O.: culpa soluta mea est, O.: quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia conruperat, S.: solvendarum legum principium (i. e. dissolvendarum), Cu.: disciplinam militarem, subvert, L.: pactique fide data munera solvit, i. e. took back, O.— To loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse, dissolve, destroy: plebis vis soluta atque dispersa, S.: senectus quae solvit omnia, L.: nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae, H.: hoc firmos solvit amores, O.— To end, remove, relieve, soothe: ieiunia granis, O.: Curam Dulci Lyaeo, H.: corde metum, V.: pudorem, V.: solutam cernebat obsidionem, the siege raised, L.: Solventur risu tabulae (see tabula), H.— To accomplish, fulfil, complete, keep (of funeral ceremonies, vows, and promises): omnia paterno funeri iusta, finish the burial rites: iustis defunctorum corporibus solutis, Cu.: exsequiis rite solutis, V.: vota, fulfil: Vota Iovi, O.: solvisti fidem, you have kept your promise, T.: Esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, i. e. your pledge (to be mine through life), O.— To solve, explain, remove: quā viā captiosa solvantur, i. e. are refuted: Carmina non intellecta, O.: nodos iuris, Iu.—Of debts, to fulfil, pay, discharge, pay off: hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas, settled: Castricio pecuniam iam diu debitam, a debt of long standing: ex quā (pensione) maior pars est ei soluta: rem creditori populo solvit, L.: ut creditae pecuniae solvantur, Cs.: debet vero, solvitque praeclare.—Of persons, to make payment, pay: cuius bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt: ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis: pro vecturā: tibi quod debet ab Egnatio, pay by a draft on Egnatius: numquam vehementius actum est quam ne solveretur, to stop payments: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno res p. esset, able to pay its debt, L.; hence the phrase, solvendo esse, to be solvent: solvendo non erat, was insolvent: cum solvendo civitates non essent: ne videatur non fuisse solvendo.—Of money or property, to pay, pay over, hand over (for pecuniā rem or debitum solvere): emi: pecuniam solvi: pro quo (frumento) pretium, L.: quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur: arbitria funeris, the expenses of the funeral: Dona puer solvit, paid the promised gifts, O.: HS CC praesentia, in cash: legatis pecuniam pro frumento, L.—Of a penalty, to accomplish, fulfil, suffer, undergo: iustae et debitae poenae solutae sunt: capite poenas, S.: meritas poenas solvens, Cu.
* * *

solvere, solvi, solutus V

loosen, release, unbind, untie, free; open; set sail; scatter; pay off/back

Latin-English dictionary > solvō
13 aestimatio

aestĭmātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.].
I.
The estimating a thing according to its extrinsic (money) value, valuation, appraisement:
in censu habendo potestas omnis aestimationis habendae censori permittitur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 53: aestimatio frumenti, the determination of the prœtor ( legate or quœstor), how much ready money one should pay, instead of the corn which he was to furnish, id. ib. 2, 3, 92:
erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus non capitalis esset, quasi poenae aestimatio,
i. e. a commutation of corporal punishment for a fine, id. de Or. 1, 54, 232.—So esp. litis or litium aestimatio, in Roman civil law, an estimating, valuation of the contested matter; in criminal law also, the stating how much the convicted person had to pay, an assessment of damages, Cic. Clu. 41, 116; id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45 (cf. lis aestimata, id. ib. 1, 13):
lex de multarum aestimatione,
Liv. 4, 30.— After the civil war, Cæsar, in order to enable debtors to cancel the demands against them, decreed an aestimatio possessionum, i. e. an estimation or appraisement of real estate, according to the value which it had before the war, and compelled the creditors to take this in payment instead of money; they were also obliged to deduct from the sum demanded any interest that had been paid; v. Caes. B. C. 3, 1; and Suet. Caes. 42. Hence, in aestimationem accipere, to accept or agree to such a valuation, or payment by real estate at a high price:
a Marco Laberio C. Albinius praedia in aestimationem accepit,
Cic. Fam. 13, 8.—And meton., with an allusion to the law of Cæsar: aestimationes [p. 62] = praedia, the real estate received in payment:
quando aestimationes tuas vendere non potes,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18. Since the creditor was a loser by this regulation, aestimationem accipere, to suffer injury or loss, id. ib. 16.—
II.
Trop.
A.
A valuation, i. e. an estimation of a thing according to its intrinsic worth (while existimatio denotes the consideration, regard due to an object on account of its nominal value):
bonum hoc est quidem plurimi aestimandum, sed ea aestimatio genere valet, non magnitudine,
Cic. Fin. 3, 10, 34; so 3, 13, 44;
3, 6: semper aestimationem arbitriumque ejus honoris penes senatum fuisse,
Liv. 3, 63:
semper infra aliorum aestimationes se metiens,
Vell. 1, 127; 97; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67:
aestimatione rectā severus, deterius interpretantibus tristior habebatur,
Tac. H. 1, 14 al. —
B.
Poet., the worth or value of a thing:
Quod me non movet aestimatione,
Cat. 12, 12.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aestimatio
14 sti_pendiarius

stī̆pendĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [id.].
I.
Of or belonging to tribute, liable to impost or contribution, tributary (of imposts payable in money; whereas vectigalis denotes those payable in kind; the former was held to be the most humiliating; cf. Liv. 37, 55 fin.):
civitas,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30; Liv. 38, 39; 28, 25, 9:
Aedui,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36:
oppidum,
Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 29:
provincia,
Flor. 2, 17: vectigal, i. e. a fixed yearly impost or contribution in money, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 12:
praedia,
Gai. Inst. 2, 21.— Plur. subst.: stī̆pendĭārĭi, ōrum, m., tributaries (in money;
whereas vectigales in kind): socii stipendiariique populi Romani,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 7; id. Balb. 9, 24; id. Leg. 3, 18, 41; Caes. B. G. 7, 10; (opp. vectigales) Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134; id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10; cf. Liv. 24, 47; 37, 55 fin.—Sing.:
vectigalis stipendiariusque et servus populi Romani (Hannibal),
Liv. 21, 41, 7.—
II.
In milit. lang., receiving pay, serving for pay, stipendiary:
(Romani) postquam stipendiarii facti sunt,
Liv. 8, 8, 3: cohortes, Auct. B. Afr. 43.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sti_pendiarius
15 stipendiarii

stī̆pendĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [id.].
I.
Of or belonging to tribute, liable to impost or contribution, tributary (of imposts payable in money; whereas vectigalis denotes those payable in kind; the former was held to be the most humiliating; cf. Liv. 37, 55 fin.):
civitas,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30; Liv. 38, 39; 28, 25, 9:
Aedui,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36:
oppidum,
Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 29:
provincia,
Flor. 2, 17: vectigal, i. e. a fixed yearly impost or contribution in money, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 12:
praedia,
Gai. Inst. 2, 21.— Plur. subst.: stī̆pendĭārĭi, ōrum, m., tributaries (in money;
whereas vectigales in kind): socii stipendiariique populi Romani,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 7; id. Balb. 9, 24; id. Leg. 3, 18, 41; Caes. B. G. 7, 10; (opp. vectigales) Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134; id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10; cf. Liv. 24, 47; 37, 55 fin.—Sing.:
vectigalis stipendiariusque et servus populi Romani (Hannibal),
Liv. 21, 41, 7.—
II.
In milit. lang., receiving pay, serving for pay, stipendiary:
(Romani) postquam stipendiarii facti sunt,
Liv. 8, 8, 3: cohortes, Auct. B. Afr. 43.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stipendiarii
16 stipendiarius

stī̆pendĭārĭus, a, um, adj. [id.].
I.
Of or belonging to tribute, liable to impost or contribution, tributary (of imposts payable in money; whereas vectigalis denotes those payable in kind; the former was held to be the most humiliating; cf. Liv. 37, 55 fin.):
civitas,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30; Liv. 38, 39; 28, 25, 9:
Aedui,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36:
oppidum,
Plin. 5, 4, 4, § 29:
provincia,
Flor. 2, 17: vectigal, i. e. a fixed yearly impost or contribution in money, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 12:
praedia,
Gai. Inst. 2, 21.— Plur. subst.: stī̆pendĭārĭi, ōrum, m., tributaries (in money;
whereas vectigales in kind): socii stipendiariique populi Romani,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 7; id. Balb. 9, 24; id. Leg. 3, 18, 41; Caes. B. G. 7, 10; (opp. vectigales) Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134; id. Prov. Cons. 5, 10; cf. Liv. 24, 47; 37, 55 fin.—Sing.:
vectigalis stipendiariusque et servus populi Romani (Hannibal),
Liv. 21, 41, 7.—
II.
In milit. lang., receiving pay, serving for pay, stipendiary:
(Romani) postquam stipendiarii facti sunt,
Liv. 8, 8, 3: cohortes, Auct. B. Afr. 43.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stipendiarius
17 aes

aes aeris, n crude metal, base metal, copper: uti aere pro nummo, Cs.: aeris metalla, V.— Hence, bronze, an alloy of copper and tin: ex aere statua.—As symbol of indomitable courage: aes triplex Circa pectus, H.; of durability: monumentum aere perennius, H.: quae (acta) ille in aes incidit, i. e. engraved on a copper tablet for deposit in the aerarium: in aere incidere: aera legum, i. e. tablets inscribed with the laws.—Plur., works of art in bronze, bronzes: grata aera, H.: aera voltum simulantia, a bust, H.: aere ciere viros, a trumpet, V.: aeris cornua flexi, O.— Plur, cymbals, H.: aera micantia cerno, i. e. arms of bronze, V.: spumas salis aere ruebant, with the prow, V.: inquinavit aere tempus aureum, i. e. degeneracy, H.: aes exigitur, i. e. money, H.: meret aera, earns money, H.: gravis aere dextra, V.: danda aera militibus, L.: octonis referentes Idibus aera, i. e. carrying the teacher's fees, H.—Esp. in the phrases, aes alienum, another's money, i. e. debt: aes alienum suscipere amicorum, assume: in aere alieno esse: conflare, S.: aere alieno premi, Cs.: dissolvere, discharge: solvere, S.: te aere alieno liberare: ex aere alieno laborare, to be oppressed by debt, Cs.: nexus ob aes alienum, bound for debt, L. —Hence, librāque et aere liberatus, released from the debtor's bond, L.—Aes mutuum reddere, borrowed money, S.—Aes suum, one's own money: meosum pauper in aere, i. e. I am poor, but not in debt, H.—Fig. (colloq.): te in meo aere esse, i. e. at my service. — The unit of the coin standard (cf. as): aes grave, the old heavy money, a pound of copper: denis millibus aeris gravis reos condemnat, L.— And aes alone and in the gen sing. (cf assium): aeris miliens, triciens, C., L.—Fig., wages earned: annua aera habes, L.; hence, military service: istius aera illa vetera, campaigns.
* * *

aeris N N

money, pay, fee, fare; copper/bronze/brass, base metal; (w/alienum) debt; gong

Latin-English dictionary > aes
18 pendo

pendo, pĕpendi, pensum, 3 (pendissent, for pependissent, Liv. 45, 26 fin.:
penderit for pependerit,
Paul. Nol. Carm. 14, 122), v. a. and n. [etym. dub.; cf. root sphad-, sphendonê, a sling; Lat. funda].— Lit., to cause to hang down, to suspend; esp. of scales in weighing.
I.
Act., to weigh, weigh out.
A.
Lit. (very rare: syn. penso, expendo): unumquodque verbum staterā aurariā pendere, Varr. ap. Non. 455, 21: da pensam lanam, Titin. ap. Non. 369, 21; Plin. 19, 3, 15, § 39, read repensum: aere gravi cum uterentur Romani, penso eo, non numerato debitum solvebant, Fest. s. v. pendere, p. 208 Müll.:
pensas examinat herbas,
Ov. M. 14, 270.—
2.
Transf., to pay, pay out (because, in the earliest times, payments were made by weighing out the metals; v. in the preced. the passage from Fest.;
class.): militis stipendia ideo, quod eam stipem pendebant,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 182 Müll.:
Achaei ingentem pecuniam pendunt L. Pisoni quotannis,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 3, 5; id. Att. 12, 25, 1:
vectigal populo Romano,
Caes. B. G. 5, 23:
vectigal,
Liv. 25, 8:
tributum pro navibus,
Tac. A. 13, 51:
pretium,
id. ib. 2, 87:
coria boum in usus militares,
id. ib. 4, 72:
mercedem alicui,
Juv. 3, 15.— Absol.:
pro pabulo pendunt,
pay, Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.— Impers. pass.:
iterumque imperii nostri publicanis penditur,
Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65.—As punishments consisted of fines in money or cattle: pendere poenas, supplicia, etc., signified to pay, suffer, undergo a penalty:
pendere poenas solvere significat,
Fest. p. 268 Müll.:
Syrus mihi tergo poenas pendet,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae,
Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1:
satis pro temeritate unius hominis suppliciorum pensum esse,
Liv. 34, 61:
capitis poenas,
Ov. F. 3, 845:
poenas violatae religionis sanguine et caedibus,
Just. 8, 2, 4:
magna supplicia perfidiae,
id. 11, 4, 2:
crimen, culpam,
Val. Fl. 4, 477.—Rarely in this signif. absol., to suffer any thing ( poet.):
tuis nam pendit in arvis Delius,
Val. Fl. 1, 445.—
B.
Trop.
1.
To weigh mentally, to ponder, consider, deliberate upon, decide (class.;
syn.: pensito, trutinor): vos eam (rem) suo, non nominis pondere penditote,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1:
in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur,
id. Or. 16, 51:
causam ex veritate,
id. Quint. 1, 5:
rem levi conjecturā,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62.—
b.
To value, esteem, regard a thing; with gen. of the value (mostly ante-class. and poet.):
neque cum me magni pendere visum'st,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 12:
aliquem,
Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 25:
quem tu vidisse beatus Non magni pendis,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 93:
nec jam religio divum neque numina magni Pendebantur,
Lucr. 6, 1277:
unice unum plurimi pendit,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 29:
te volturium vocant: Hostisne an civis comedis, parvi pendere,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 64 sq.:
nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam,
lightly esteem, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 29; so,
parvi,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 46; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 37; id. Hec. 3, 5, 63:
minoris pendo tergum illorum, quam meum,
care less for, Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 29:
aliquem minoris,
id. ib. 1, 3, 58:
aliquem nihili,
id. ib. 1, 3, 88:
nihili,
id. Men. 5, 7, 4; id. Trin. 3, 1, 6; Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 6; cf.:
non flocci pendere,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 21:
sese experturum, quanti sese penderem,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 44:
tu illum numquam ostendisti quanti penderes,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 103.—
2.
(Acc. to A. 2.) To pay, render ( poet.):
dignas pendere grates,
Stat. Th. 11, 223.—
II.
Neutr., to weigh ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):
tantundem pendere par est,
Lucr. 1, 361:
talentum ne minus pondo octoginta Romanis ponderibus pendat,
Liv. 38, 38, 13; Plin. 9, 15, 17, § 44; id. 30, 48 fin., § 93; id. 18, 7, 12, § 66; id. 31, 6, 31, § 58 (in Sen. Ep. 66, 30, read pendent).—Hence, pensus, a, um, P. a., lit. weighed; hence, trop., esteemed, valued, prized, dear (as P. a. not in Cic. or Cæs.):
utra condicio pensior, Virginemne an viduam habere?
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 61: ut nihil quicquam esset carius pensiusque nobis quam nosmetipsi, Taurus ap. Gell. 12, 5, 7.—Esp., as subst.: pensum, i, n., something weighed.
A.
Weight, consideration, scruple, importance, only in gen. sing.: nihil pensi habere aliquid, to lay no weight or stress upon a thing, to attach no value to, be indifferent to, care nothing about:
sua parvi pendere, aliena cupere,... nihil pensi neque moderati habere,
Sall. C. 12, 2:
nihil pensi neque sancti habere,
id. J. 41, 9:
neque id quibus modis assequeretur, quicquam pensi habebat,
id. C. 5, 6:
prorsus neque dicere, neque facere quicquam pensi habebat,
id. ib. 23, 2:
nihil pensi habuit, quin, etc.,
Suet. Dom. 12; id. Ner. 34:
ut neque fas neque fidem pensi haberet,
Tac. A. 13, 15: aliquid ratum pensumque habere, Att. Capitol. ap. Gell. 13, 12, 2. —So, non pensi ducere (very rare), Val. Max. 2, 9, 3.—Also, non adest or est alicui pensi: nec mihi adest tantillum pensi jam, quos capiam calceos, I don't care in the least, am perfectly indifferent, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 52:
sed illis nec quid dicerent, nec quid facerent, quicquam umquam pensi fuisse,
they never cared at all, Liv. 34, 49:
quibus si quicquam pensi umquam fuisset, non ea consilia de republicā habuissent,
if they had ever had regard for any considerations, Sall. C. 52, 34. —
B.
Prop., the wool weighed out to a slave to spin in a day; hence, a day's work in spinning, and, in gen., spinning, a spinner's task.
1.
Lit. (mostly ante-class. and poet.):
pensum facere,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 63; id. Men. 5, 2, 45:
nocturna carpentes pensa puellae,
Verg. G. 1, 391:
carmine quo captae dum fusis mollia pensa Devolvunt, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 348:
famulasque ad lumina longo Exercet penso,
id. A. 8, 412; Prop. 3, 15, (4, 14), 15:
castrensia,
i. e. for military garments, id. 4 (5), 3, 33:
pensa manu ducunt,
Juv. 12, 65:
lanificam revocas ad sua pensa manum,
Ov. Am. 1, 13, 24; id. H. 3, 75; Just. 1, 3, 2.— Poet., a thread spun by the Fates:
durae peragunt pensa sorores,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 181:
jamque in fine dies et inexorabile pensum Deficit,
Stat. S. 3, 3, 172: mortale resolvere, to unbind his mortal thread, i. e. to make him immortal, Calp. Ecl. 4, 137.—
2.
Trop., a charge, duty, office (so in Cic.; cf.:
ministerium, munus, officium): pensum meum lepide accurabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 33; cf.:
meum confeci,
id. Pers. 2, 4, 1:
absolvere,
to perform one's duty, Varr. R. R. 2, 2:
me ad meum munus pensumque revocabo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 30, 119; id. Verr. 2, 3, 46, § 109:
nominis familiaeque,
Liv. 4, 52:
operis sui peragere,
Col. 3, 10, 7.—Hence, adv.: pensē, carefully, considerately (post-class.): pensius, Flav. ap. Symm. Ep. 2, 34.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pendo
19 debeo

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).
I.
Lit., of money and money's worth.
a.
Act.,
(α).
with acc.:
quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:
Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,
pecuniam alicui,
id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:
qui dissolverem quae debeo,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:
appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,
Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,
grandem pecuniam,
Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:
talenta CC,
id. Att. 5, 21, 12:
quadruplum, duplum,
Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—
(β).
Without acc.:
illis quibus debeo,
Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:
ut illi quam plurimi deberent,
Sall. J. 96, 2:
nec ipsi debeo,
Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;
adhuc non solvit,
Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—
b.
Pass.:
dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:
quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:
a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,
id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:
quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:
quaeretur an debeatur,
Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,
(β).
Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:
ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
tamquam debito fraudetur,
id. Or. 53, 178:
ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:
reddere,
to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.
2.
Prov.:
animan debere,
to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).
II.
Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.
A.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).
1.
In gen.
a.
Act.
(α).
with acc.:
ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,
Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:
quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,
gratiam,
Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:
videris patriae hoc munus debere,
Cic. Leg. 1, 25:
si fidem debet tutor,
Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:
dies longa videtur opus debentibus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:
quos mundo debes oculos,
Ov. M. 4, 197:
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,
Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:
juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,
Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:
Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,
Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:
isti tibi quid homines debent?
i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —
(β).
With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):
debetis velle quae velimus,
Plaut. Am. prol. 39:
num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?
Cic. Lael. 11:
multo illa gravius aestimare debere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:
Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,
id. B. C. 1, 30:
debes hoc etiam rescribere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:
ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,
id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:
scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;
dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,
Ov. M. 3, 137):
ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,
Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):
omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,
Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—
b.
Pass., to be due or owing:
Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:
quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,
id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:
honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,
Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:
persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!
Verg. A. 2, 538:
debita quam sulcis committas semina,
id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):
debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,
Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:
calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,
id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):
soli mihi Pallas debetur,
Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:
quid tibi istic debetur?
what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a
(α).
.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):
velut omni vitae debito liberatus,
Curt. 10, 5, 3:
nepotum nutriendorum,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:
non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,
Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:
solvere debito,
to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—
2.
Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.
a.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).
(α).
Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:
debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,
Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,
(β).
pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:
cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,
Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;
145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,
id. ib. 12, 795:
animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,
id. ib. 6, 714:
sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,
id. ib. 11, 166:
fatis debitus Arruns,
i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:
dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,
id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:
tempora Parcae debita complerant,
id. ib. 9, 108:
morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,
Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;
and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,
id. ib. no. 4482.—
b.
So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):
tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,
Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.
B.
To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.
(α).
With acc.:
ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,
Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;
qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:
me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,
id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;
and quantum cuique deberet,
Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:
o cui debere salutem Confiteor,
Ov. M. 7, 164;
so vitam,
id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;
and in a like sense: se,
id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,
in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,
id. Fast. 2, 825. —
(β).
Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:
verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,
Cic. Planc. 28; cf.
with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,
Ov. M. 4, 76.
C.
To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:
quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,
Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:
sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,
id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > debeo
20 Debitum

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).
I.
Lit., of money and money's worth.
a.
Act.,
(α).
with acc.:
quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:
Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,
pecuniam alicui,
id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:
qui dissolverem quae debeo,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:
appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,
Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,
grandem pecuniam,
Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:
talenta CC,
id. Att. 5, 21, 12:
quadruplum, duplum,
Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—
(β).
Without acc.:
illis quibus debeo,
Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:
ut illi quam plurimi deberent,
Sall. J. 96, 2:
nec ipsi debeo,
Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;
adhuc non solvit,
Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—
b.
Pass.:
dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:
quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:
a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,
id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:
quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:
quaeretur an debeatur,
Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,
(β).
Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:
ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
tamquam debito fraudetur,
id. Or. 53, 178:
ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:
reddere,
to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.
2.
Prov.:
animan debere,
to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).
II.
Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.
A.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).
1.
In gen.
a.
Act.
(α).
with acc.:
ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,
Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:
quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,
gratiam,
Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:
videris patriae hoc munus debere,
Cic. Leg. 1, 25:
si fidem debet tutor,
Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:
dies longa videtur opus debentibus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:
quos mundo debes oculos,
Ov. M. 4, 197:
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,
Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:
juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,
Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:
Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,
Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:
isti tibi quid homines debent?
i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —
(β).
With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):
debetis velle quae velimus,
Plaut. Am. prol. 39:
num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?
Cic. Lael. 11:
multo illa gravius aestimare debere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:
Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,
id. B. C. 1, 30:
debes hoc etiam rescribere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:
ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,
id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:
scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;
dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,
Ov. M. 3, 137):
ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,
Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):
omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,
Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—
b.
Pass., to be due or owing:
Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:
quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,
id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:
honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,
Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:
persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!
Verg. A. 2, 538:
debita quam sulcis committas semina,
id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):
debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,
Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:
calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,
id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):
soli mihi Pallas debetur,
Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:
quid tibi istic debetur?
what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a
(α).
.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):
velut omni vitae debito liberatus,
Curt. 10, 5, 3:
nepotum nutriendorum,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:
non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,
Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:
solvere debito,
to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—
2.
Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.
a.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).
(α).
Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:
debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,
Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,
(β).
pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:
cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,
Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;
145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,
id. ib. 12, 795:
animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,
id. ib. 6, 714:
sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,
id. ib. 11, 166:
fatis debitus Arruns,
i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:
dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,
id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:
tempora Parcae debita complerant,
id. ib. 9, 108:
morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,
Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;
and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,
id. ib. no. 4482.—
b.
So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):
tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,
Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.
B.
To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.
(α).
With acc.:
ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,
Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;
qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:
me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,
id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;
and quantum cuique deberet,
Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:
o cui debere salutem Confiteor,
Ov. M. 7, 164;
so vitam,
id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;
and in a like sense: se,
id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,
in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,
id. Fast. 2, 825. —
(β).
Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:
verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,
Cic. Planc. 28; cf.
with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,
Ov. M. 4, 76.
C.
To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:
quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,
Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:
sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,
id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Debitum

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